Translated Abstract
Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which an individual, when processing information(e.g., letters)in their mind, not only processes that information in a general way(e.g., letters are recognized as letters), but also experiences types of sensations and cognitive processing that are generally considered unrelated to that information(e.g., getting an impression of colors when looking at letters). It is experienced by a small percentage of the general population. Many researchers have pointed out that synesthetic experiences and mental imagery are similar in that they are induced without any sensory stimulation. This paper reviews recent advances in synesthesia research, focusing on the empirical findings and theoretical considerations of the relationship between synesthesia and mental imagery.
References
- Asano, M., & Yokosawa, K.(2013). Grapheme learning and grapheme-color synesthesia: toward a comprehensive model of graph-eme-color association. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7:757, 1-11.
- 浅野倫子・横澤一彦 (2020). 共感覚― 統合の多様性― 勁草書房
- Baron-Cohen, S., Burt, L., Smith-Laittan, F., Harrison, J., & Bolton, P.(1996). Synaesthesia: Prevalence and Familiality. Perception, 25(9), 1073-1079.
- Chiou, R., & Rich , A. N.(2014). The role of conceptual knowledge in understanding synesthesia: Evaluating contemporary findings from a “hub-and-spokes” perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 5:105, 1-18.
- Cytowic , R. E., & Eagleman , D. M.(2009). Wednesday is indigo blue: Discovering the brain of synesthesia. The MIT Press.
- Deroy, O., & Spence, C.(2013). Why we are not all synesthetes(not even weakly so). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 643-664.
- Dixon , M. J., Smilek, D., Cudahy, C., & Merikle , P. M. (2000). Five plus two equals yellow. Nature, 406 (6794), 365-365.
- Dixon , M. J., Smilek, D., Duffy , P. L., Zanna , M. P.,& Merikle , P. M.(2006). The role of meaning in grapheme-colour synaesthesia. Cortex, 42(2), 243- 252.
- Hansen, T., Olkkonen, M., Walter, S., & Gegenfurtner , K. R.(2006). Memory modulates color appearance. Nature Neuroscience, 9(11), 1367-1368.
- Hong , S. W., & Blake, R.(2008). Early visual mechanisms do not contribute to synesthetic color experience. Vision Research, 48(8), 1018-1026.
- Hubbard , E. M., Arman , A. C., Ramachandran , V. S., & Boynton , G. M.(2005). Individual differences among grapheme-color synes-thetes: Brain-behavior correlations. Neuron, 45(6), 975-985.
- Mattingley , J. B., Rich , A. N., Yelland, G., & Bradshaw ,
- Nijboer , T. C. W., Gebuis, T., te Pas , S. F., & van der Smagt , M. J.(2011). Interactions be-tween colour and synaesthetic colour: An effect of simultaneous colour contrast on synaesthetic colours. Vision Research, 51(1), 43-47.
- Novich, S., Cheng, S., & Eagleman , D. M.(2011). Is synaesthesia one condition or many? A largescale analysis reveals subgroups. Journal of Neuropsychology, 5(2 ), 353-371.
- Ramachandran, V., & Hubbard , E. M.(2001). Synaesthesia— A window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8 (12), 104-129.
- Rothen, N., Tsakanikos, E., Meier, B., & Ward, J.(2013). Coloured Letters and Numbers(CLaN): A reliable factor-analysis based synaesthesia questionnaire. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(3), 1047-1060.
- Ruiz , M. J., Dojat, M., & Hupé, J-M.(2020). Multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data for imaginary and real colours in grapheme–colour synaesthesia. European Journal of Neuroscience, 52, 3434-3456.
- Simner, J. & Hubbard , E. M.(2013). Overview of terminology and findings. In J. Simner & E. M. Hubbard(Eds.), The Oxford handbook of synesthesia (pp. xix-xxvi). Oxford University Press.
- Simner, J., Mulvenna, C., Sagiv, N., Tsakanikos, E., Witherby , S. A., Fraser, C., Scott, K., & Ward, J. (2006). Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences. Perception, 35(8), 1024- 1033.
- Skelton, R., Ludwig, C., & Mohr, C.(2009). A novel, illustrated questionnaire to distin-guish projector and associator synaesthetes. Cortex, 45(6), 721-729.
- Spiller , M. J., Harkry, L., McCullagh, F., Thoma, V., & Jonas, C.(2019). Exploring the rela-tionship between grapheme colour-picking consistency and mental imagery. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374:20190023.
- Terhune , D. B., Murray, E., Near, J., Stagg , C. J., Cowey, A., & Cohen Kadosh, R.(2015). Phosphene perception relates to visual cortex glutamate levels and covaries with atypical visuospatial awareness. Cerebral Cortex, 25(11), 4341-4350.
- Terhune , D. B., Tai, S., Cowey, A., Popescu, T., & Cohen Kadosh, R.(2011). Enhanced cortical excitability in grapheme-color synesthesia and its modulation. Current Biology, 21(23), 2006-2009.
- Uno, K., Asano, M., Kadowaki, H., & Yokosawa, K. (2020). Grapheme-color associations can transfer to novel graphemes when synesthetic colors function
- Uno, K., & Yokosawa, K.(2020). Apparent physical brightness of graphemes is altered by their synaesthetic colour in grapheme-colour synaesthetes. Scientific Reports, 10:20134.
- Ward, J.(2013). Synesthesia. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 49-75. Ward, J.(2019). Synaesthesia: A distinct entity that is an emergent feature of adaptive neurocognitive differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 374:1787.
- Watson , M. R., Akins , K. A., Spiker, C., Crawford, L., & Enns , J. T.(2014). Synesthesia and learning: a critical review and novel theory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8:98 , 1-15.
- Weiss, F., Greenlee , M. W., & Volberg, G.(2018). Gray bananas and a red letter A — From synesthetic sensation to memory colors. i-Perception, 9(3), 1-26.