［第70回日耳鼻総会会長講演］鼓膜の動態と聴器の病態

抄録

Résumé
I advocated the appropriateness of the term of “movability” or “movableness” of the eardrum 15 years ago.It is very interesting and important to observe the physiological and patho-physiological finding of auditory organ through the reactive changes of the movability of the tympanic membrane.The main object of the present publication lies in it that the patho-physiological nature of eardrum retraction should exist apart from usual inflammatory or barometric origin.
1) A method to indicate the retraction grades of the tympanic membrane was devised, through it we can suitably observe the movability of the tympanic membrane.
2) The tympanic membrane retraction originated from acoustic trauma is due to the contracture of the tympanic muscles.
3) Many cases of Ménière's disease have retracted tympanic membranes, 44.6° on the average.
4) We measured the threshold of the acoustic reflex of the middle ear muscles by means of direct observation of the eardrum movability.Getting the threshold differences between the middle ear muscle reflex and minimal audibility, we can estimate recruitment phenomenon.
5) The acoustic reflex of the tympanic muscles in normal persons was classified by means of the micromanometric procedure of the external auditory canal as follows:Retraction modus from tensor tympani muscle; 54.9%, Bulging modus from stapedius muscle; 38.7%, and mixed modus; 6.4%.
6) We devised a recording method of the movability of the tympanic membrane by use of a small phototransistor inserted tube into the auditory canal, being not in contact with the canal wall.