新たなアレルギー性鼻炎抗原同定法

抄録

This report describes a new method of determining allergens by the degranulation of basophils (metachromatic cells) in nasal smears stimulated with anti-IgE or a specific antigen. This is similar to the method described by Mishima for selecting food allergens. The new method is useful in choosing therapeutic and preventive drugs in the management of allergic rhinitis.
(1) Degranulation occurs when metachromatic cells are stimulated by a-IgE, but not by a-IgA, a-IgD, a-IgG, a-IgM, a κ, or a λ.
It appears only when IgE antibodies in receptors on metachromatic cells are bridged with anti-IgE.
(2) The specific antigen extracted from allergen by Yagura's method and compound 48/80 also induce degranulation of metachromatic cells in nasal smears. The optimal concentration of the specific antigen (protein concentration in the allergen extract) is 25μg/ml, and that of compound 48/80 is 0.05μg/ml.
(3) When metachromatic cells from healthy subjects are stimulated with anti-IgE, 5.2±3.1% of the cells show degranulation. However, when such cells from patients with allergic rhinitis are stimulated with anti-IgE, 84.3±9.6% of cells show degranulation.
(4) Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) inhibits the specific antigen, and compound 48/80 induces degranulation in metachromatic cells from patients with allergic rhinitis.
(5) DSCG inhibits the degranulation of metachromatic cells when added to metachromatic cells before antigen-stimulation.