フィリピンにおける民活都市環境インフラ整備

―BOTプロジェクトの現況、評価と課題―

抄録

Since the beginning of the 1990's, the Philippines has been actively promoting “Privatization” to revitalize the economy. Consequently, she has now got the reputation for the success in the BOT projects. The report aims to clarify recent trends of these BOT projects based on our field survey made late January in 2000.

The report deals with the project cases of electric power generation, waterworks and sewerage, and urban mass transit LRT in Manila. The major findings are briefly summarized as follows.

First, big shares of BOT projects are held chiefly by such fields as highways, electric power generation, but new fields like ICT (Information and Communication Technology) as well as waterworks and sewerage are gradually increasing.

Second, the sites of BOT projects are now increasingly spreading to local areas supported by the strenuous efforts of Manila-based BOT Center. Among these are included sewerage and waste treatment projects.

Third, the operating results of the BOT projects are generally satisfactory in the case of the electric power generation and waterworks thanks to free or cheap supply of fuel, publicly guaranteed purchase of generated power, favorable pricing, and well-prepared risk-sharing scheme among the private stakeholders, blessed with relatively favorable economic fundamentals. Reversely, the bottom line of the LRT project is in deficit resulting from the overestimated passenger demand forecast and improper pricing policy. Sewerage and waste treatment projects seem to be in a difficult position due basically to lack of consensus on cost sharing between the citizens and municipalities.

Lastly, necessity for establishing a safety net fund is pointed out for violent fluctuations in exchange rate, in addition to fostering local financial and capital markets, combined with improvement in the legal and fiscal systems to enhance the feasibility of the BOT projects.