開発援助の構造化と有効性

―援助機関とタンザニア政府の関係性からの検討―

抄録

This article discusses structurization of donor-recipient relationship whereby donors support institutional reforms and recipient governments depend on the donor's aid, arguing that the relationship does not necessarily bring about aid effectiveness. To look into the relationship and its consequences, it examines a case of Tanzania.

In Tanzania, the relationship was consolidated during structural adjustment programs in the 80's and 90's, and has further bound and reproduced during poverty reduction programs since late 90's. International donors have demanded improvement of strategies and institutional arrangement for economic stabilization and poverty reduction. In turn, the government of Tanzania has accepted the demands and installed new strategies and institutional settings for acquirement of development aids.

However, the installment of the new strategies and institutional settings has not necessarily produced substantial impacts in terms of government effectiveness. A contributing factor has been the relationship of the central government and Local Government Authorities (LGAs). While the central government allocates development funds in the LGAs to implement the strategies, the LGAs disburses the funds to communities only within prioritized and limited targets determined by the central government in consultation of donors. The situation has entailed resource-oriented management of LGAs with a focus on acquirement and disbursement of funds instead of strengthening institutions and bringing about effective service delivery to communities. In the Tanzania case, the donor-recipient relationship is still reproduced and has not brought about aid effectiveness down to the people.