調査研究報告
UNTAC日本施設大隊はカンボジア社会にいかなる影響を及ぼしたのか
―宿営地をめぐる介入者と被介入者の相互作用の変遷に着目して―
2020 年 29 巻 2 号 p. 105-120
詳細
2020 年 29 巻 2 号 p. 105-120
The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) is the first UN Peacekeeping Operation for Japanese Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) to have been dispatched abroad. This operation caused the expansion of the UN Peacekeeping quantitatively and qualitatively by achieving various large-scale activities, like helping to hold the constituent assembly election, the return of refugees, monitoring of human rights, and support for recovery and reconstruction. It is also described as one of the successful cases of“second-generation peacekeeping”.
Although such cases are often regarded as successful cases by the interveners, evaluations by the local community have been overlooked and also there is a lack of literature on the long-term impact of the activities of the JSDF to the local community. Given the perspective of the local community, we have to take into account the fact that large-scale troops built a basecamp and lived with them was a major social change.
In this paper, we reconsider the activities of the JSDF Engineer Battalion under the UNTAC from local people's perspectives and examine the impact of UNTAC on Cambodian society from a long-term perspective, including before and after the troops intervene. Focusing on the social interaction when the JSDF Engineer Battalion stayed, we clarify what changes have been taking place in local communities before JSDF coming, during their stay, and after their return to Japan. Through this historical/anthropological analysis, we reveal that two types of impact, which are a temporary and long-term effect of JSDF intervention to local society.
Firstly, we note the temporary impact on the community of the JSDF's establishment of a large-scale basecamp in rural areas, which created mutual exchanges with the local people and provided the opportunity for them to improve their lives. Secondly, the authors reveal that the handover the JSDF Engineer Battalion's basecamp to the Cambodian government caused land grab and that outsiders need to be aware of the unintended consequences caused by aid.
