森林・土地利用ガバナンスの変遷と現場でのトレードオフ

―環境持続性に関する国際開発学の役割を考慮するために―

抄録

Forest and land use governance plays an important role in combating climate change and conserving biodiversity, and is one of the essential activities for ensuring environmental sustainability. However, this activity faces unique challenges, such as the uneven distribution of high conservation value areas in developing countries, compatibility with poverty reduction, and coexistence with indigenous societies and cultures, and thus requires unique considerations to mitigate trade-offs with other objectives. How have these trade-offs been addressed in forest and land use governance, and what aspects have been overlooked in discussions and practices to ensure environmental sustainability? By tracing trends in forest and land use governance discussions and practices, as well as trends among indigenous peoples of Sarawak, Malaysia, this paper discusses the shift in trade-offs that forest and land use governance may entail, and the potential contributions of development studies in addressing the overlooked issues.

Forest and land use governance has undergone a transition in terms of actors, discourses, and methods over the past 50 years, with global discourses such as climate change mitigation gaining significant influence in recent years. At the local level, however, these global discourses and practices of forest and land use governance have failed to capture changes in indigenous societies, and have become inconsistent with their own commitment to “environmental sustainability." In light of the above, we have raised the issue of meta-governance and the need for research to bridge the gap between micro-level agencies and macro-discourses/practices.