中国都市における水資源管理

―天津市の事例にみる経験と課題―

抄録

Urban water resource management has been an important issue of concern for municipalities in water scarce regions. It is now become even more important with the increasing number of cities and the growing contribution of cities in water related issues in the light of the estimated water shortage in the next century. To avoid the worst scenario, it is of critical importance for municipalities to figure out a long-term vision of the role of cities in the nation's economy, economic structure and population size from the view point of water resource management.

Though many cities are currently facing water resource problems, they are usually recognized as local issues because of the diversity of both phenomena and measures taken. However, these local cases are representing common aspects of the issue, such as the unbalance between resource capacity and economic growth of cities, inter-regional allocation and inter-sector allocation of resources, and resource quantity versus quality.

This paper aims to present the common challenges facing urban water resource management. Through field survey and analyzing existing materials, the local lessons of Tianjin City, China, which is facing typical water resource problems, are drawn after a step-wise analysis of water flow in cities. Through the case study, it has been found that with the economic growth and urbanization process, the contribution of cities in water resource problems is increasing. These problems can not be solved independently, but rather need a systematic approach including natural ecosystem and socio-economic system in a wider region. Based on the lessons from case study, challenges facing urban water resource management and possible strategies are presented.