Study on Current Idears of Green Space Conservation in Cities (2)

Conservation Theories in the Growing Era

Abstract

(1) Enlargement of green space through land readjustment
The seventh item of Green Space standard determined by Supervisory Committee on City Planning in 1927 states that more than 3% of urban area should be reserved for green space. This was significant in the sense that green space was obliged to be newly constructed.
(2) Greater Green Space Plan in Tokyo
The fact that in Europe the necessity of green space has been stressed at earlier time by Green Space Plan in Berlin (in 1911) and IFHP Congress in Amsterdam (in 1924) influenced the promotion of establishing Tokyo Green Space Council. It prepared a Greater Green Space Plan in Tokyo based on environmental green space as the result of 3-years research. However, this plan was interruped during the construction processes and never realized because of the defeat on World War II. Besides this plan in Tokyo, there was environmental green space plan in Osaka.
(3) Hakodate Great Fire
In 1934 Hakodate where had been notorious for fires was heavily damaged by a disastorous fire. As the countermeasures against fires, Hakodate City constructed the Network of Green Belt, fire prevention zone, in order to build a fire prevention city. It was the first appearance of fires prevention city in Japan. Later than Hakodate has never been visited by a big fire.
(4) Open Space for Air Defence
It is commonly said that open space for air defence was planned for its construction at the last part of the World War II. However, concerned agencies had actually planed air defence cities before the World War II. At that time since Japanese houses were made of wood and papers, it was more essential to have countermeasures of air defense. The open space for air defence itself was not more than the plan in corporating the most of Tokyo Green Space plan which had already been authorized. It was interesting that the Greater Green Space plan was eforced for its execution by countermeasures of air defence.
Entering into 1944, the air raid by the Allied Forces became much more violent. At the end of the War about 120 cties an: i 2 million houses were destroyed by bombing.