This survey was carried out to catch the citizen's feeling about urban spaces in Sapporo
Items were chosen from 3 fields of their interest; cognition, affection and policy orientation and these items were classified into patterns in accordance with the third formula of quantification proposed by Dr. Chikio Hayashi.
The results obtained from the pattern classification and cross tables are as follows
I) Citizen's interest in open spaces is public and social and not political nor administrative.
2) The functions of open spaces are resonably grouped in two; recreational effects and the effects of existing.
3) The patterns of people's perception of green spaces are closely related to people's life behavior and to space features.
4) People with great interests in nature or open spaces feel the worsened green spaces more strongly than others who have little interest.
5) According to the space feature of residential area, people's satisfaction in or demand for open spaces is changeable.
6) As for policy orientation, there are two types of people; people of one types have a large demand for recreational spaces and they of the another type have a strong desire for the conservative orientation of natural spaces.
7) Items we put foreward have relations to each other and we can arrange them in order to make a policy orientation.

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Resistance of the garden trees and shrubs against SO₂ is determined, not only by the hereditary nature of the plants themselves, but by environmental conditions in which they are placed. Especially, the increasingly poor nutrient conditions of the urban environments are supposed to affect the resistance of the garden trees and shrubs. This research was made for the purpose of experimentally clarifying how poor nutrient conditions, especially the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, affect the resistance of trees and shrubs, thus hoping to help in any way in the technical progress of the upkeeping of garden trees and shrubs in the treeplanting tasks in cities.
The following trees were used as samples of the garden plants:
Raphiolepis umbellata Makino var. minor Makino (Himesharinbai)
Euonymus japonicus Thunb.(Masaki)
Viburnum awabuki K. Koch (Sangoju)
The sample trees were planted in sand beds prepared with different nutrient conditions for 30 days. Then they were put in growth cabinets for pollution test and contaminated with 3 ppm of SO₂ under a fi xed (20°C) temperature for 3 hours. Then their damages were observed. Color of leaves, as well as amounts of nitrogen and potassium contained in them were measured. Experiments were made twice during the year, once in summer (August 31st) and once in winter (December 2nd), and the seasonal changes of the results were checked. The sand beds were made by Hoagland and Arnon solution, and fi ve sections were made with different nutrient conditions: complete nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) section, potassium deficiency section, phosphorus deficiency section, nitrogen deficiency section, and a section with no nutrients. The results of the experiments were as follows:
1) The differences made on the resistance against SO₂ by the various nutrient conditions were generally great in the summer season. After the contamination by SOs, damages of the trees grown in no-nutrient section were the greatest. Those grown in nitrogen deficiency section were the next worse in their damage. On the other hand, trees grown in the complete nutrients section had the least damages, and those in potassium deficiency section showed also comparatively small damages. As long as this experiment is concerned, the lack of nitrogen greatly affects the resistance against SO₂, and the lack of potassium affects lightly. In winter similar results, though in much slighter degrees, were observed, but they were hardly considered as damages. Practically no differences made by various nutrient conditions were recognizable.
2) The falling of leaves is considered to be one index of the damage. The falling leaves during the summer season of Himesharinbai and Sangoju showed the same trend with their other damages.
3) Observation of the color of leaves showed that the damaged leaves had greater lightness, with red of yellowish shade in it. No recognizable features were observed in the variation of the color differences caused by the lack of nutrients.
4) An analysis of the components of leaves showed that the leaves of trees grown in nitrogen deficiency section, potassium deficiency section, and no nutrient section lacked nitrogen, potassium, and the both respectively, in comparison with other sections.
5) As for the resistance against SO₂ of each of the sample trees, the expeiments showed that Masaki had the strongest, next Himesharinbai, and the damages were greatest in Sangoju.

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We have known that the Pellucid zygaenid (Pryeria cinica Moore) are the important defoliator to the Euonymus japonicus Thumb. in Japan.
In this report, the author deals with the resultof the breeding of Pellucid zygaenid (Pryeria cinicaMoore) in laboratory. These investigation wereconducted from 1971 to 1973.
In order to known the correlation between the feeding quantity and frass, the author measured the feeding broad leaf area, its dry weight, the larval weight and the dry weight of the frass.
The result obtained from the investigations were as follow:
The appearance of the adult of this species is one time in a year and it falls on the season from the beginning to the middle of November.
The overwintering of this species take place in the stage of egg and the hatching is observed at the middle part of March, and then the larva is observed during March and the early part of May. Although the coccooning of the larva of this species take place at the season from the beginning to the middle of May, they pass through a long time from. summer to autumn in the pupal stage.
The life history chart of this species are shown in Table 1.
The correlation between the feeding quantity and the amount of the frass were shown with the straight line on the logarithms, that is;
log Lw = 0.9807 log F+0.1636
log La=1.0279 log W+0.3894
Lw: dry weight of leaf in mg
F: dry weight of frass in mg
La: feeding leaf area in mm²
W: larval weight in mg
The total feeding leaf area at the larval stage was 57.8cm².
The total feeding at the last instar was the greatest, namely, in comparison with the total, its amounted to about 80%.

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The Author studied construction arts in Japanese history before Asuka Era, to research foundations of Japanese landscape design or historic site conservation, and resulted following conclusions on prehistoric mausoleums (Ko-Fun) in Ka-Sen area where so-called Kawachi Dynasty stood in 4th and 5th century.
1) Prehistoric mausoleums, above mentioned, might appear in 3rd century with so-called Miwa Dynasty, as a great outdoor construction to symbolize ruler's force on those days.
2) In their historic background, chinese civilization had such influences that Kings of Wa or Yamato i.e. Japanese rulers in 1st or 3rd century A.D., were given Gold Stamps by Chinese Emperor, and Chinese progressed civilizations were introduced to Japan islands. They may show origins of Japanese prehistoric tales i.e. the celebration of God on Ten-no.
3) Such great mausoleum construction as a pyramid of 1.4 million cubic metre earth, i.e. Ojin Tenno Ryo or Nintoku Ten-no Ryo, might appear by success of Kawachi Dynasty in Asian continent, under Chinese cultural influences, to make contrusts with Chinese Emperor's Tomb as symbols of Japanese Ten-no's forces.
4) Kawachi Dynasty showed her forces there, in 5th century to be appointed “Five Kings in Wa, as East Land Rulers” by Chinese Emperor, but when New Dynasty of Keitai Ten-no came, they had less interest on above problems and failed to keep her position in south Korea Area.
After that, their civilizational tendency changed and mausoleums became smaller from Eth century. A reason of above artificial mausoleum's lots might come from little love of Japanese for them in those days, because of their appreciation on Japanese beautiful natural landscape.
Besides them, it is also studied present citizen's thoughts on conservations of these historic cultural beings in Areas of Kawachi-Furuichi, and conclused beings of living demand problems of today on them.

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(1) Enlargement of green space through land readjustment
The seventh item of Green Space standard determined by Supervisory Committee on City Planning in 1927 states that more than 3% of urban area should be reserved for green space. This was significant in the sense that green space was obliged to be newly constructed.
(2) Greater Green Space Plan in Tokyo
The fact that in Europe the necessity of green space has been stressed at earlier time by Green Space Plan in Berlin (in 1911) and IFHP Congress in Amsterdam (in 1924) influenced the promotion of establishing Tokyo Green Space Council. It prepared a Greater Green Space Plan in Tokyo based on environmental green space as the result of 3-years research. However, this plan was interruped during the construction processes and never realized because of the defeat on World War II. Besides this plan in Tokyo, there was environmental green space plan in Osaka.
(3) Hakodate Great Fire
In 1934 Hakodate where had been notorious for fires was heavily damaged by a disastorous fire. As the countermeasures against fires, Hakodate City constructed the Network of Green Belt, fire prevention zone, in order to build a fire prevention city. It was the first appearance of fires prevention city in Japan. Later than Hakodate has never been visited by a big fire.
(4) Open Space for Air Defence
It is commonly said that open space for air defence was planned for its construction at the last part of the World War II. However, concerned agencies had actually planed air defence cities before the World War II. At that time since Japanese houses were made of wood and papers, it was more essential to have countermeasures of air defense. The open space for air defence itself was not more than the plan in corporating the most of Tokyo Green Space plan which had already been authorized. It was interesting that the Greater Green Space plan was eforced for its execution by countermeasures of air defence.
Entering into 1944, the air raid by the Allied Forces became much more violent. At the end of the War about 120 cties an: i 2 million houses were destroyed by bombing.

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