Historical Features of the Origin of City Parks and Natural Parks in Hokkaido

Abstract

Japanese parks have their origin in the conversion of the heritage of old recreation area to modern parks by a cabinet proclamation in 1873. In Hokkaido, whose modern development began 1869, no recreational heritage were available.
The purpose of thhs paper is to make clear that in Hokkaido the layout of most city parks were integrated into early city and/or agricultural village plannings and that most natural parks had a great deal to do with the mind of early forest conservation.
These facts show the uniqueness of the origin of parks in Hokkaido in Japanese park history, and parallel can be found rather in the origin of parks in the U. S. A.