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Jiro ASANO, Takahiro NAKA, Eijiro FUJII
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
1-6
Published: March 31, 1987
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We analyzed the introducing process of washing basin with its special landscape composition into a shoin style garden, which is an important and fundamental style of Japanese gardens.
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Sawako ONO
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
7-12
Published: March 31, 1987
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This paper deals with Kamagatani Cherry Grove in the province of Mino and its influential farmer who contributed to enhence his place as a noted cherry-blossom-viewing spot for city people late in the Edo period.
Native farmers regarded the Grove as a village common of grasses and woods. On the other hand, city people valued the place to enjoy viewing cherry blossoms in spring. Although such an urban attitude was shared with few farmers, the farmer and village official, who had a taste for haiku and tea ceremony, distributed leaflets to promote the Grove into a noted flowerviewing site in spring.
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Ryohei ONO
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
13-18
Published: March 31, 1987
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Asuka-yama, which was arranged as a place for ‘Hanami’ by Shogun Yoshimune in Edo era, is valued as one of the pioneers of public recreational open spaces in Japan. This study is to elucidate the planning concept and features of recreational space in Edo era, as a case study of Asuka-yama. Author revealed the following facts on the bases of literatures.
1. Yoshimune was ingenious to consider not only phisical planning but also management systems.
2. The dominant concept of physical planning was the creation of total landscape of Asuka-yama and its surroundings.
3. The distinctive concept of manegement policy was image-building as a common recreational zone.
4. Users made up Asuka-yama to flexible recreational spaces.(for example, expansion towards Takinogawa)
5. In all cases, historical contexts were respected.
After Edo, the relationships between Asuka-yama and its surroundings were cut off.
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Makoto SUZUKI, Taketoshi KAWAHARA, Bernard JEANNEL
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
19-24
Published: March 31, 1987
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Very few Japanese gardens have been known to exist in France. The garden of Maulevrier is Japanese in style and has one of the longest history as a Japanese garden in European countries. It was constructed in the early 20th century by a French architect, Alexandre Marcel. He was known as a designer of Cinéma La Pagode (Japanese style architecture, 1897), in Paris, which had an admirable Japanese garden. And also he designed a Japanese style five storey pagoda at the Paris International Exposition in 1900, which made even Japanese people surprised. By reason of its comparatively large strolling garden style and its historical meanings, we concluded that the Japanese garden of Maulevrier is to be recorded in garden history.
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Taketoshi KAWAHARA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
25-30
Published: March 31, 1987
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Literary works are to be writen under a certain place and time. Therefore to make more feeling of being on the spot, the anthors insert some historical facts in their works. This paper aims at grasping the existed background of the gardens described in she dynastic literatures of the Fujiwara period. Through the study it is observed that many names of the places and the mansions which existed at the period are used in the literatures. By the reason of this fact it is concluded thas the description of the dynastic literatures are worth studying for the garden history.
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Kimio KONDOH
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
31-36
Published: March 31, 1987
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Results of this study are condenzed as below.
Ideas of Taoism in ancient China had affected on Shintoism, before influences of Buddhism which was introduced in 6th century. After 9th century above ideas were adjusted to form Japanese naturalistic philosophy on the base of Mantorism.
With understandings of above, such ancient Japanese gardens as Kyoku-Sui canal garden noted to be in 5th century, pond gardens of Asuka & Fujiwara ages in 7th century, pond gardens in HeijoKyo & HeijoKyu in 8th century, SagaIn naturalistic pond garden in 9th century, Shinden style gardens in Heian periods, can be studied catching their backgrounds of landscape design ideas which stand on respects to great natural beings.
For example, Kyokusui canal garden noted at Nihon Syoki is understood to be designed as a site of celemonial garden party, developed on the idea of Taoism flowing-water celebration in 4th century. Also, FujiwaraKyu palace pond garden shows a sort of harmony with natural landmark of Miminashi Yama hill in its naturalhstic design, and has been regarded to symbolize Japanese natural landscape garden tradition.
Considering above examples, it is needed to recognize concerned meanings between Japanese landscape garden ideas and Chinese Taoism ideas which show respects to such natural landscapes as landmarks of mountains, waterfalls, old big trees or rocks, being regarded as hidden residences of natural souls. And ideas of Taoism also affected on Mantoism each other in Heian periods, to resulf spirits of Saku-Tei-Ki (Garden Design Note) which show fundamental images of Japanese landscape architecture tradition.
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Hiroyuki TONSHO, Isoya SHINJI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
37-42
Published: March 31, 1987
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Eating and drinking is one of human pleasure and also it has been popular behavior in public parks. In this paper we made a chronological table of conditions, usages and social recognition of the facilities on the basis of official documents of city Tokyo and “Shinsen Meisho Zue”. Then we organized the meanings and problems of the facilities in public parks. Besides we mentioned that the administration had changed their policy for those facilities from positive to negative attitude with the change of the times and clarified its reason.
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Kunihiro SASAKI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
43-48
Published: March 31, 1987
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Pendant l'époque du Second Empire (1852-70), Paris fut transformée par Haussmann, préfet de la Seine. Il réalisa trois systèmes hierarchisés: voie, eau (adduction et égout), espace vert. Le rôle principal de ce dernier système était l'amélioration de la hygiene comme Haussmann l'insista. Mais ce systeme joua aussi le rôle pour avoir l'habitude de se promener, et de se divertir aux espaces verts, c'est-à-dire pour changer la vie urbaine.
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Moonho PARK, Kimio KONDOH
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
49-54
Published: March 31, 1987
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The aim of this study is to introduce the principles of composition on the interface space in the historic environment for living, which is composed of several levels such as each dwelling, block, neighborhood, community etc. Through the case studies of the old urban area in Nara, it was understood and examined that the principles of composition on the interface space are composed of three characteristic components; human needs for interface space, changes of traditional interface element and roles & physical forms of the green space. In order to verify the principles of composition, we deal with the evaluation of landscape, which compared the values of dwelling to that of block level. An analysis was carried out of three components and the effect the traditional type of interface element has on them. As a result, it was evident that there are, in the circumstance, qualitative tendencies; according as the satisfaction of the human needs for interface space, the evaluation of changes of interface element decreased and that of green space increased in the relationship between three components.
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Akio SHIMOMURA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
55-60
Published: March 31, 1987
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The aim of this article is to devide the transition of the traffic mode from the relation with sight-seeing area. Because the traffic mode is the big factor of the problem of the vulgarization in sight-seeing area. As the result of this work, the transition of the traffic mode is devided to five periods.
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Hiromi TAWARA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
61-66
Published: March 31, 1987
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Japanese parks have their origin in the conversion of the heritage of old recreation area to modern parks by a cabinet proclamation in 1873. In Hokkaido, whose modern development began 1869, no recreational heritage were available.
The purpose of thhs paper is to make clear that in Hokkaido the layout of most city parks were integrated into early city and/or agricultural village plannings and that most natural parks had a great deal to do with the mind of early forest conservation.
These facts show the uniqueness of the origin of parks in Hokkaido in Japanese park history, and parallel can be found rather in the origin of parks in the U. S. A.
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Shunsaku MIYAGI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
67-72
Published: March 31, 1987
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The year of 1937 marks an important pivotal point with regard to the development of modern landscape desigh in the United States. The first exhibition of landscape design at San Francisco Museum of Art featured a wide variety of idea for the modern garden proposed by the landscape architects who had been inspired by a new trend in architectural desigh taking place in American west coast region in particular. Although the basic concept behind the landscape desigh presented there seems to be a response to the regional context of California represented by the term “American Mediterranean”, its substantial part had been shared by the modernist architects and landscape architects who played important roles in European architectural scene throughout 1920s and 1930s. The concept of outdoor living room, clear definition of garden space in sharp contrast with well preserved natural environment around and asymmetrical composition of space with abstract and simple geometry, all of these were identified in the design principles represent this early stage of the modern movement in landscape design.
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Saburo KIMURA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
73-78
Published: March 31, 1987
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The problem of ‘Park vs. Green’ theory became widely known by many studies in Japan. But I think so, very question. Indeed! if by only study of new view-point, the essential conclution will be possible for this problem.
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Satomi WATANABE
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
79-84
Published: March 31, 1987
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This study is concened with the meaning and the structure of Landscape Architecture. The meaning of Landscape Architecture is as follows: Landscape Architecture is the science of organizing the natural elements such as greens and the open spaces so as to come into being the comfortable surroundings of human habitations by setting the saucer for outdoor recreation and social intercourse and improving the order of landscape, the enjoyfulness of nature and the spatial publicity, the safety, the healthfulness, and the scenic beauty. Landscape Architecture consists of 3 moments, such as “nature”“comfortableness” and “function”. And the each meaning of them is studied from the viewpoint of Landscape Architecture.
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Masao AOKI, Hiroshi TUJI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
85-89
Published: March 31, 1987
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In recent years, road construction work and land development are being carried out on a large scale using construction machinery. Due to this, the soil has become strongly acidic causing a serious problem to slope seeding and planting. The author collected many soil samples of this kind from 5 places throughout the whole country (Hokkaido, Ishikawa, Shizuoka, Kumamoto and Okinawa) and conducted some fundamental experiments on them
The conclusions obtained are summarized as follows:
1) Soil color is almost bluish-gray and olive-gray except for Kumamoto soil.
2) pH of the soils indicates oxidization of about 2 to 3.
3) Soil hardness is about 16-31mm, electrical conductivity ranged from a minimum of 1.3mΩ/cm to a maximum of more than 10mΩ/cm.
4) Specific gravity of the soils is about 2.4-2.7, and texture consists mostly of silt fraction and clay fraction.
5) Three phases of the soils is extremely low in the gas phases with a large water retentivity
Strongly acidic soils may be due to the large amounts of mudstone accumulated during the Neogene period, Pleiocene epoch and the Quaternary period, Pleistocene epoch.
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Kneji UESHIMA, Sigeru HORI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
90-95
Published: March 31, 1987
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We propose a tree model which shows competitive growth with computer graphics. This model can express “alternate”, “opposite”, “verticillate” branches growing. It has a growth system in which the rate of growth is determined by the environment. With this computer model one can simultaneously grow trees. The simulation provides the opportunity to see various aspect of these trees, especially dry branches under the crown, crown-shape formed by more than one tree and oppresed tree.
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Yukihiro MORIMOTO, Sumiji KOBAYASHI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
96-101
Published: March 31, 1987
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We applied the portable remote sensing system to the monitoring of revegetation works in the Mu Us Desert, inner Mongolia, China. This system consists of an infrared TV camere, some filters to get infared, red, green and blue images, a TV monitor and micro computer system with frame memories. Using biband operation and others, we were able to visualize the distribution of the vigor of
Sabina community and the damages of roadside trees,
Populus nigra var.
thevestina, by the drought. And the multi-band images of
Salix matsudana, which is carried out the base cut operation to measure the water usages, are regarded to reflect the quantity and quality of chlorophyll and water potential.
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Takeshi OKINAKA, Keiji YAMAUCHI, Eijiro FJII
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
102-107
Published: March 31, 1987
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We made field experiments on the adhesion of
Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch. to a wooden wall, which is one of the most popular adhesive climbers in Japan. Experimental conditions were made by controlling the inclination of stern, the diameter of stern, the amount of insolation, and the concentration of gibberellic acid applied.
The result was that the degree of stem inclination, the diameter of stem, and the amount of insolation stlongly affected the adhesive intensity of
P. tricuspidata, and the application of gibberellic acid had a little effect on it.
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Tetsuya KONDO, Rikio TAKAHASHI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
108-113
Published: March 31, 1987
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In this first stage of a study aiming at the development of a technique for the establishment of a visually attractive green area, germination tests were made on seeds of four wild flower species under varying conditions of temperature in the laboratory.
The results of the tests are as follows:
Percentage germination of
Ixeris dentata was very low (only 2.8% at 20°C) in direct seeding after collecting. But wet storage at low temperature gave good germination (76.5% at 10°C after 3 months storage at 5°C).
Seeds of
Ranunculus japonicus, Cllrysanthemurn leucantheinum, and
Lotus corniculates var. Japonicus could germinate after harvest with high percentage, respectively 78% at 5°C, 95% at 25°C, and 80-90% at 10-25°C 25°C. This good germination ability can be kept in dry storage. Seeds of
Ranunculus must be controlled at lower temperature, preferably is 0-5°C.
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Takashi SHIMOMURA, Sachihiko NAKAO, Junko TUTSUI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
114-119
Published: March 31, 1987
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The actual condition of uses of indoor foliages in shops was investigated in Osaka City, one of the largest commercial cities in Japan. Questionnaires were sent to shops where indoor foliages were used or not to determine the role of indoor foliages in shops. Indoor foliages had been enhancing sales by half of shops investigated, and increased the amenity in most of shops; although main aims of about 70% of shops to use foliages were enhancing sales of their shops, and only 22% of shops had aimed so increase amenity by using indoor foliages. On the other hand, about 35% of people working in the shop with no plants used argued the use of foliages for the purpose of amenity. From these results, usefulness of living green plants for people working in commercial cities was discussed.
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Tadaaki OKAMOTO, Takashi TANIKOSHI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
120-125
Published: March 31, 1987
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There is a soil which is called by the name of “Sei-kai nendo”(Bluish gray clay), in soils (from the Tertiary) on plateaus around plains of Osaka, Nara, Wakayama and Kyoto in Kinki District, Japan. At some places of the Senboku New Town, surfaces of the soil exposed to turn the land into housing lots about a dozen of years ago go on still being not covered by the vegetation. At such a places, root developement and soil weathering were investigated by means of the soil profile survey and soil analysis. As the retult, it was judged that it is caused by extremdly intensive acid, reduction and compaction of the soil.
The following two effective methods to grow plants on the soil through the growth of
Raphanus sativus var.
minor as a phytometer were found through the second experiment for the soil improvement, that is;
(1) to neutralize chemically the intensive acid soil by means of magnesium lime.
(2) to neutralize it by lime and furthermore to oxidize forcedly it by an oxidizing agent on sale.
Weathering the soil for two years was a little effective to improve it.
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Takuro MASUDA, Tatsuaki KOBAYASHI, Yukihiro MORIMOTO, Ken YOSIKAWA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
126-131
Published: March 31, 1987
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Soil water conditions and the root distribution of
Salix matsudana were investigated in the Mu Us Desert, China.
S. matsudana is one of the most popular and the most important trees in this area.
The growth of
S. matsudana trees was closely connected with the ground water level.
In the lowlands where the ground water level was-80-100cm from the surface and the soil was too damp, the trees had very poor root systems and some of them died.
The trees showed the most vigorous growth where the ground weter level was about-1.5m.
On the dune where the sand contained little available water, they had wide-spread root systems compared to the trees growing in lower places. This enabled them to better obtain water. It was found that they cannot grow on the dune higer than 5m, because of lack of the available water.
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Masakazu SUZUKI, Kunihiko MOUTOU
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
132-137
Published: March 31, 1987
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This study aims to develop a database system for botanical gardens. This system (GREEN ADDRESS) is able to deal with not only characteristic data but positional data of every plant indivisuals. This system is working for conservation of gene at MEDICINAL PLANT RESERCH STATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYGIENIC SCIENCES JAPAN.
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Syozo SHIBATA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
138-143
Published: March 31, 1987
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Dwarf bamboos are planted under various light conditions. This report gives the result of experiments with tge difference of the growth of three dwarf bamboo species, which was tried out under five relative light intensities (RLI).
Concerning to
Pleioblastus pygmaeus var.
distichus (Oroshima-chiku), the higher the RLI, the better it has grown.
Sasa nipponica (Miyako-zasa) has shown the best growth under comparatively lower RLI (30%).
Shibataea kumasaca (Okame-zasa) has shown various growth type according to the light intensity. On the whole, it was recognized that this species grows well under higher RLI (60%), not under the opened condition.
All the species has shown the tendency that the subterranean part of them had more growth volume with the increase of RLI.
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Miyoshi OKUMURA, Yukitoshi DOHINO
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
144-149
Published: March 31, 1987
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Using scanning electron microscopy flower-bud differentiation and development in flowering trees and shrubs found in Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, were examined in 1986 and 1987.
From the results, it was found flower-bud initiation in
Coiylopsis paucitlora, Daphne odora, Conies officinalis, Rhododendron Kaempferi, and
Forsythia viridissiina occur before mid-July. On the other hand, in
Prunes vedoensis, Prunus japonica, Prunes inuine, Prunes persica, Males Halliana, and
Rhododendron indicum, flower-buds differentiate in mid-July to late August, the hottest period of the year. Differentiation in
Spiraea Thunbergii occurs in September.
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Shori YAMAMOTO, Rei ITOGA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
150-155
Published: March 31, 1987
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This study intends to discuss the present condition of
Pinus densiflora plain forest in Ina Town, south west part of Ibaraki Pref. By the investigation into physiognomy and species composition, 8 forest form types were divided. 5 types of pure
Pinus densiflora forest are differentiated by the vegetation of forest floors influenced by the frequency of underscrubbing for growing melons. Other 3 types are characterized by the condition of their forest crowns. The location of each type is influenced by configuration, underscrubbing and sprinkling insecticides. Underscrubbed forests are much located in north part of investigation area near golfing grounds. There are many forests damaged by
Pinus decease in middle part. Most of forests in south part, where many slopes are, have never been undercrubbed for over 15 years. These results gave suggestions to conservation of
Pinus densiflora plain forests.
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Yoshikazu HAYAMA, Takehiko KATSUNO, Hisao FUKUTOMI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
156-161
Published: March 31, 1987
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In this paper we would like to clarify the change of the vegetation of Oi Wharf Central Seaside Park and to discuss the characterisitic of vegetation in the seaside reclaimed land.
We have many probrem in vegetation management at the planting on the seaside reclaimed land.
The planting has done at three times, 1975, '77, '80, in this area.
The tree thrive differed with species. Most prosperous thrive was the specise which adapted for the seaside environment.
The struggle for existence was very hard at the over planted land.
Aftere we will get more data, we discussed the way of vegatation management in the seaside reclaimed land.
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Kumiko OKUBO, Hisayuki MAENAKA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
162-167
Published: March 31, 1987
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(1) Recently, therd have been attempts to make amenity grassland rich in wild flowers. The aim of this study is to clarify the regeneration processes of
Taraxacum officinale in planted communities, which were repeatedly mowed at different time intervals (at every two (2W), four (4W), eight (8W), twenty-four (24W) weeks) and at different heights (0cm and 5cm above ground).(2) The photosynthetic organ was reproduced within a week even if the above ground part was removed by 0cm mowing. The root biomass decreased in the same period. This suggests that the production of the photosynthetic organ was formed using the substance stored in the root. The root biomass did not decrease in 5cm mowing. The root biomass of all treatments, except 2W-0cm mowing treatment, became larger than the initial biomass at the end of the fourth week. It means that photosynthate was brought back into root systems. Such regeneration ability of
T. officinale suggests that it is suitable for amenity grassland management with mowing.(3) Growth rates of plants (increase of above ground biomass/week) in all treatments, except that of 2W-0cm treatment, nearly equaled that of control (24W-0cm or 24W-5cm). The above ground biomass of 8W-0cm and 8W-5cm recovered to the levels of control biomass. The present investigation revealed that
T. officinale has a strong ability survive frequent mowings.(4) The flowering of
T. officinale received no harmful effects from periodically repeated mowings. During the experiment,
T. officinale continued to bloom for a long period.
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Eijiro FUJII, Toshihiko ANBIRU, Tokuo YAMASHITA, Jiro ASANO
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
168-173
Published: March 31, 1987
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Shoot elongation of
Acer buergerianum Miq. was investigated after the winter pruning. The shoot length elonged after the pruning depends on the shoot length before the pruning and its height. The trunk enlarging rate is decreased by the pruning, but not so remarkable as a tulip tree (
Liriodendron tulipzfera L.)(FUJII et al., 1987) These differences would be resulted from the difference in the amount of leaf, i. e. the amount of leaf of pruned individual is mostly same as the non-pruned one owing to the existence of a short shoot besides a long shoot in case of
A. buergerianum, but not in case of a tulip tree.
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Shinobu YABU
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
174-179
Published: March 31, 1987
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In order to develop an attractive floorscape by the introduction of
Platvcodon grandiflorum A. DC., one of native perennial plants with beautiful purple-colored flowers, in the recreational forest, those plants were experimentally planted in
Qrcrcus serrata stands at Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture from 1982 to 1985.
Results were as follows. Under about 50% relative light intensity on the forest floor,
P. grandiflorum satisfactorily flowered and seeded. In this light condition,
P. grandiflorum grew vigorously irrespective of topography. In order to regulate commpetitive plants, at least, brush cutting once a year at the end of July was required. Natural flowering term of
P. grandiflorum is from the end of June to the end of July. But plants which cut in July, had the second flowering term from the end of September to the end of October. Fertilizing and watering were not required for growth of
P. grandiflorum. But pesticide spray was necessary to control aphides.
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Akira MISAWA, Motokazu GOTOH, Takashi OHTA, Masao TOYOTA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
180-185
Published: March 31, 1987
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We studied on the planting design in front of noise barrier on highway by a psycologicul test with VTR. The tests were put into practice by VTR of landscape of highway which were composed by 8 types of model planting in front of noise barrier, and were carried out the tests for 110 persons of the subjects by the method of paired comparisons.
The results obtained from these tests ware as follows: desirable type of the planting in front of noise barrier was high rate of screening index for noise barrier by the plants. And the type such as row planting which were cutted cleanly had a tendency to get desirable valuation regardless of low rate of the screening index.
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Mitsuo KONDO, Tatsuo SASAKI, Tomotaka YANAGITA, Tomoo OZAWA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
186-191
Published: March 31, 1987
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In order to expand the possibility of inplanting green foliage plants into the spaces where only artificial ground or soil is available, a series of experiments were conducted to find out how far such plants can grow in the artificial conditions with the soil that were much thinner and lighter than the natural ground.
The results indicate that trees with middle and low heights as well as turf grasses can satisfactorily grow on the artificial ground with the thickness less than a harf of what is said to be necessary, and even not using ordinary soils but a light-weight soil amendment matter only. Besides, the artificial ground conditions were able to support only one-tenth of load of those constructed with conventional methods.
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Toshiya OHKURO, Hiroyuki SASAKI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
192-197
Published: March 31, 1987
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Ukiyama, in the east of the lzu peninsula, is known as the habitat of Myrica rubra. Though this forest had been managed as a coppice forest,
Myrica rubra had been preserved especially. It is the purpose of this study to clarify the influence of vegetation management in former days on the structure of the plant community and the growth of Myrica rubra at present.
By the vegetational analysis, this area is divided 4 vegetation types, and each structure reflects the degree of the human impact. And the growth of
Myrica rubra is also influenced by the structure, in other words, by the human impact.
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Toshinori SHIGEMATSU
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
198-203
Published: March 31, 1987
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In a previous report, it became apparent that
Rhododendron reticulatum, a type of wild rhododendrons, can produce many blooms when thinning increases light level on the floor of abandoned secondary woodlands, or coppices. However, the effect of the improvement was not retained. It was suggested this result was due to the fact that since the experimental stands had been a slope, the cleared floor could not effectively hold fallen leaves and this had led to humus erosion. Therefore, experimental work was conducted to test the hypothesis that soil-nutrition shortage is the cause of few blooms.
The results of the study are as follows: The fertilized
R. reticulatum produced many blooms in both light and dark stands, whereas previously it had been difficult to produce enough blooms in relative light intensity below 20%. Furthermore, in the case of non-fertilizing,
R. reticulatum had few blooms even in the light stand. Judging from these results, it is believed that light condition is not a sufficient or necessary factor for flower formation. Therefore, our research points to the important role of soil conservation in improving woods for flowering of wild rhododendrons.
In another study of sprouts regenerated on stumps of
R. reticulatum, it was concluded that good strub forms at about one meter in height could be produced three years after cutting. However, since these plants produced few blooms even five years after cutting, the aprout system is considered to be unsuitable for
R. reticulatum.
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Hidenobu Kiuchi, Makoto NOJYO, Masaaki Eguchi
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
204-209
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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The authors studied the change in utilization and reasons for visting the Kitazawa pass in the Minami Alps National Park, after the Super Forest Highway was opened there in 1980.
The following 5 points can be deduced from The results.
1) Female visitors, middle aged and higher, have increased. These people are involved mostly in party and family trips.
2) People on day-trips have increased.
3) Big parties have increased.
4) There has been on increases in nature observation trips.
5) Visitors would like Kitazawa pass to be mode more accessible.
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Tadakazu KANEKO
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
210-215
Published: March 31, 1987
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This is one of the studies on the management of the urban openspace. This study's purpose is analysis of actual condition on the enlightening pamphlet about urban green and the estimation for utilization service.
The results are follows, The pamphlets are grouped into 10 species on the basis of character, purpose, subject, form, and presentation. And the purpose for utilization service are increaseing user on park, reasonable use on park, and present of information about urban green.
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Isao NAKASE, Makoto KIYOTA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
216-221
Published: March 31, 1987
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The main purpose of this study is to recognize the relationship between thermal factors and human behaviors in parks, plazas, and other open spaces.
The case study area was selected at one part of DAISEN Park which is located in Sakai city.
We recorded the data of air temperature by thermometers, surface temperature by a kind of remote controlled thermometer of the case study area, and sitting points of park users by a camera through two days, April 29 and May 4, 1987.
We found the sequential changes during the day time of air and surface temperatures which were characterised by the land uses which were tree covered area, grass covered area, and soil surfaced area (fig. 3). We found also the charcterized human behaviors on the grass covered area with thin plantings. The sitting people had been moving their area time by time relating to the tree shades (fig. 4, 5). Finally, it was made clear that the surface temperature is one of the very effective factors to the human behaviors in the open spaces.
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Sobi NAGAYAMA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
222-227
Published: March 31, 1987
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A children's park was compared with an urban forest in order to research children's space preferences. The use of both the park and the forest was surveyed and the children visiting the places were interviewed. The result shows that the factors at which the children have fun are; the existence of other persons to play with, playing instruments, natural objects and open space. There are differences between sex and among age classes concerning the objects.
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Hironobu YOSHIDA, Keiji SAKAMOTO, Ken KAWAI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
228-233
Published: March 31, 1987
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The remnant forms and processes of
Ulmaceae in Kyoto city area had been reported by authors on the viewpoint of the important element for urban green. In this time, authors analyzed the consciousuess of tree owners and residents around the remnant thee by means of a questionnaire.
The results were obtained as follows; Owners' consciousness differed among their occupations. Residents' images for the remnant tree varied according to the situation of their houses from the tree. The area in which the residents' images were most intensive was within 50m from the tree. The structure of the judgment for remnant tree was different between owners and residents.
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Kazuhiko INOUE, Noboru MASUDA, Daishu ABE, Isao NAKASE, Yasuhiko SHIMO ...
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
234-238
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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This study intends to clarify the greenery (landscape) image, cognitive structure and spacial structure which community residents have harbored. The interrelation between human-green contact and intensity of cognition to greenery and also the interrelation between human-green contact and the visual point to perceive the greenery were analized and discussed from the aspect of geographical space. As the result, the following issues were clarified. The intensity of cognition to greenery and the visual characteristic of perception to greenery were impressed with scale and quality and also affected the selection of daily route and distance between resident and greenery.
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Toru YOSHIMUTA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
239-244
Published: March 31, 1987
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The aim of this study is to obtain some knowledges about creating comfortable walking spaces. Observing the relations between environmental factor of the footpath and pedestrians movemens, these following finding were obtained: 1) A wide footpath has a space not used for walking. 2) Street trees have a tendency to induce the pedestrians movements toward them. 3) The arrival process of pedestrins can be an index of showing a comfortability of walking. According to these findings, some opinions were suggested about the footpath formulation.
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Masanao IUCHI, Kaoru SAITOU, Katsunori FURUYA, Sinji KOBAYASI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
245-250
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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Landscape assesument used color to predict visual impact of activities, but they had no moderately precise means for meauring color. The purpose of this paper was to examine usefull of photoelectric colorimeter. The color of landscape were measured by color readings and photoelectric colorimeter. We commpared a sort of two data. As a result of investigating of color, measuring color by photoelectric colorimeter found major four problems as for a change of weather, an incidence angle of the sun's rays, a shadow and a length of survey. This measuring system was usefull under the control of four factor. However data in this paper were insufficient to develop marker sets of colors for landscape. From now on, this measuring system is necessary by this collection of many landscape data. Advancing of this study applied to landscape assessment and landscape management of natural park.
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Jaeho KIM
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
251-256
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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According to the increasing of reclaimed land, landscape design of reclaimed lands became one of the important theme in the field of landscape technology. This paper aims to find out the available design techniques for reclaimed land through the investigation of traditional Japanese style-gardens on reclaimed lands. The techniques of landscape design, which were found out from the gardens, interpreted in semiological technique and dramaturgical technique. And it will permit us for efficient planning of nonosensical space like reclaimed lands.
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Kaoru SAITO, Yoichi KUMAGAI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
257-262
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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The purpose of this study is a development of CCG (Color Computer Graphics) system for realistic visual landscape simulation. To obtain a realistic CCG image, image processing, ray-tracing and depth-buffer shading methods were used.
The following results were obtained.
1) RGB masking with image processing on CCG image is useful to make a photo-montage.
2) CCG image processed with Ray-tracing method is so real to make a photo-montage.
3) To make realistic CCG image of background scene with DTN1 (degital terrain model), depth-buffer shading method is better than wire-frame image.
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Kenji SAKURAI, Masaaki Yui, Yoichi KUMAGAI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
263-268
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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The purpose of this study was consider the feature of amenity town plan from the view point of landscape planning. The subject of consideration are 58 cities. The results are as follows: 1) The words relative to the natural environment were most used in the theme of plan. 2) Amenity town planning bring to effect the system of citizen participation. 3) The subjects of plan were classified into four descriptions, such as open space, natural environment, historical environment and citizen activities. 4) The subject of plan correspond to the geographical features, population and industrial structure. So we classified 58 cities according to the character of the city to eight types and sort the subject of plan of each types. 5) Improvement of the regional enviroment is necessary to build an amenity town. And it is hoped to continue it over a long time.
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Katsunori FURUYA, Ryutarou TATEISHI, Hiroshi ISHII
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
269-274
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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The study was made on the (accuracy in) classification of land cover with the effects of the variation of seasons and shadows of landforms based on remotely sensed data. In this study, we were made of data of the isolated mountains at the Ibaraki Pref. and its surrounding plain areas in Japan in autumn and winter in 1983 by the most likelihood method. The result indicates the following features, 1) The category of rice paddy, crop fields and residential areas are not suitable for interpretation of land covers to practical application by only one seasonal data. 2) Accuracy of classification will be up to about 80% by using of data both autumn and winter and overlaid of its data. 3) In generally, an analysis of data at the shadowing areas were difficult but classification of conifer forest and deciduous forest may be available in this area.
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Kanemichi MIZOGUCHI, Sigeru HORI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
275-280
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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Methodes of mesuring forest environmental data at regional planning level in the area with gentle slopes was investigated in Tokyo University forest in Hokkaido as a study area. After investigation, 250m-grid size was specified and landform data was mesured as digital terrein model. And for gathering vegetation data, intersection points of grid and border line were employed as mesuring points for polygon.
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Shigeru HORI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
281-286
Published: March 31, 1987
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In this study, I tried to find out effective measure of meaning to analize forest landscapes. The Japanese typical forest landscapes are classified into some groups clearly by the axes of “holy” and “pure”.
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Shigeru HORI, Masao KURIHARA, Osamu SHINOHARA
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
287-292
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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In this study, we tried to find out the structure of landscapes which exist in memories by experience. The results are as follows:
(1)“Impressive Landscapes” were categolized into five types by analizing axes of scenery experience (objective-subjective), daily-non-daily, and refreshing elements. About 80% of those belonged to the objective type group.
(2)“Most dear landscapes” were those of enviroments were the respondents had grown up, and were categolized into six types by axes of objective-subjective and the period of the experiences.
(3)“Distasteful Landscapes”, whitch were mainly caused by distasteful experiences in contrast with impressive landscapes, were categorized into seven types by the axes of scenery-experience, physiological-phycological and so on.
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Eiji KATO, Osamu NAKAMURA, Motoo MIYAZAKI
1987 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages
293-298
Published: March 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
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It is the purpose of this study to understand land use transition in area around the redevelopment zone caused by redevelopment project in front of station. We researched the transition of newly built buildings and non-building coverage lands in order to understand land use transition. The results of the study showed that;(1) High rise buildings gradually increased after the redevelopment project. While, use for those buildings were mixed in, and some of them had small building areas.(2) Parking lots particularly increased after the redevelopment project.(3) The characteristics of parking lots appearance were as follows: The First Stage, the large scale exclusive parking lots of redevelopment building remarkably appeared following the redevelopment project. The second stage, the large scale toll parking lots remarkably appeared owing to insufficiency of the exclusive parking lots of redevelopment building. The third stage, the monthly rental parking lots remarkably appeared owe to increasing high rise buildings and mixed use for those buildings.
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