Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a member of the dominant microbiota, and, as well as lactic acid bacteria, is broadly used as a probiotic in fermented milk and supplements. Numerous studies have reported the probiotic effects of bifidobacteria on human physiology, especially related to the immune function, e.g. anti-allergic effects and anti-infective effects. The knowledge obtained from studies of the physiological effects of bifidobacteria and their mechanisms of action might be helpful for gaining insight into the role of microbiota in human health. In this review, we will briefly describe the characteristics of bifidobacteria, then review studies concerning the clinical benefits of bifidobacteria associated with immunomodulation effects, and the mechanisms involved.
