In collision avoiding maneuvers, the standard navigational procedures are stipulated by laws such as the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea. Based on such laws, well-experienced seafarers combine their normative approach they have developed through their experience in order to determine a corresponding course of action. Therefore, analyzing their procedures for avoiding collisions would provide us with valuable insights into judging the risk of collision with oncoming vessels. In addition, when reviewing such procedures, a rational basis for judging the risk of collision can be examined. With this in mind, the authors study well-experienced seafarers’ lookout procedures for collision avoiding situations methodically set up by a ship-handling simulator. Especially in this study, eye-tracking technology is additionally utilized for detailed analyzing of seafarers’ data gathering by their lookout procedures. Utilizing this technology enables concrete information for each encountering situation seafarers acquire by their visual inspections, radar observation and scanning with binoculars, to be revealed. The authors suggest such procedures would be beneficial when judging the risk of collision and would serve as a valuable perspective in education and training, teamwork.
