In this study, we investigated the risk cognition process for berthing maneuvers based on the comparison between experts (professional pilots) and novices (students in navigation course of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology). In the experiment, participants watched a video of a vessel entering or leaving port, rated the degree of risk at that moment, and listed the factors that evoke the risk as the degree of the risk changed. The responses were summarized and visualized using the evaluate grid method. The results showed that the risk cognition processes of the pilot and student were different from each other quantitatively. In the quantitative analysis, the pilot and student perceive risk at different moments, and while pilots judged risk based on whether they could control their situation, students did so based on their perception of the surrounding situation and did not predict the situation. The pilot's risk cognition, in terms of whether or not he is aware of specific accidents that could occur, changed qualitatively at risk levels of 3 and above. These results highlighted the expertise process from novice to expert.
