Validity and reliability of the Greek version of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) for athletes with disabilities

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Introduction/Purpose: This paper reports results from a study conducted to establish a Greek version of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS), by Thomas, Murphy and Hardy (1999), for athletes with physical disability. Methods: The following steps were followed: a) bi-directional translation b) commentary by specialist athletic psychologists as well as by athletes with physical disability. Moreover, stability over time and structural validity were examined. Results: Test-retest correlations ranged from .83 to .98 and few cross loadings emerged when items of all possible pairs of factors were factor analysed. Conclusion: This version exhibited good internal consistency, temporal stability and structural validity. However the pattern of relations between the subscales was different than that of Thomas et al. Further, use of skills in practice was not related to the use of skills in competition.