Suicide and self-injury pose a significant risk to correctional inmates, yet there is a scarcity of empirical research in Japan on this topic. This article aims to explore and examine the prevalence, unique characteristics, and risk factors of suicide and self-injury among correctional inmates, with the goal of enhancing understanding, prevention, and support. Additionally, this study aims to examine the theoretical relationship between self-injury and suicide among correctional inmates. The findings reveal that correctional inmates exhibit higher rates of suicide and self-injury than the general population of similar gender and age, and various risk factors such as a history of violent offending, lack of social visits, and awaiting trial contribute to these behaviors. This study also highlights that, while affect regulation plays a crucial role in self-injury, correctional staff tend to view the behavior as manipulative. Furthermore, the study addresses methodological issues and provides clinical recommendations based on the findings.
