Abstract
The present study aimed at making the measurement scale of headmaster's leadership behavior in the elementary school and to examine its validity.
The subjects were 463 teachers in Fukuoka City and the headmasters rated by their teachers numbered 21.
We also measured such variables as the solidarity among the teaching staffs, the staffs' will to work, the staff meeting-evaluation etc., which were characterized as external criterion variables of headmaster's leadership behavior.
The items of headmaster's leadership scale were selected by the result of factor analysis.
The headmaster's leadership types were determined depending on the P-M leadership theory.
The main results were as follows:
(1) By factor analysis of leadership items, two factors were found:“Factor of group maintenance” and “Factor of group goal performance.” Factor of group maintenance was considered to correspond to M-behavior (group maintenance-oriented leadership behavior) and factor of group goal performance was considered to correspond to P-behavior (group goal performance-oriented leadership behavior) in P-M leadership theory.
(2) By factor analysis of external criterion variable items, eight factors were found:“Factor of the solidarity among the teaching staffs,”“Factor of the staffs' will to work,”“Factor of the satisfaction with salary,”“Factor of the mental stress to work,”“Factor of the staff training-evaluation,”“Factor of the staff meeting-evaluation,”“Factor of the staffs' will to study teaching,”and “Factor of the staffs' identity with the school.”
(3) Headmaster's leadership was divided into four types, PM type, P type, M type and pm type, respectively, depending on the intensity of the two dimensions P and M.
(4) The relationship of four leadership types with eight external criterion variables was examined. Result: in the external criterion variables except two variables, the staffs' will to work, and mental stress to work, the PM-type obtained higher scores than the other types. It was statistically significant.
