Abstract
Trends and the future roles of technology standardization and "open movements" in the e-learning field are described by comparing with movements in the ICT field. Standardization and open movements provide a competitive and cooperative framework through which anyone can contribute to the rapid and diverse evolution and promotion of technology. Since the significance of standardization and the open movement has been well recognized in the e-learning field, international efforts to develop e-learning technology standards and open source e-learning platforms are emerging. Standardization and the open movement largely affect Web 2.0, which has the characteristics of bi-directional communication, the capability to manage various user needs, and the use of collective knowledge. These are similar to the learner-centered characteristics of recent e-learning activities.
