How does“Lecture Attitude Scale” mediated by "Active Learning (Externalization) Scale" have an impact on learning outcomes?

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to develop “Lecture Attitude Scale”, examine reliability and validity, and investigate an impact of “Lecture Attitude Scale” mediated by "Active Learning (Externalization) Scale" on learning outcomes. Questionnaire survey was conducted to 1,854 graduate students. The main finding was that “Lecture Attitude Scale” mediated by "Active Learning (Externalization) Scale" had a positive influence on the development of competencies and the approach to deep learning. The result suggested that students’ attitude toward lecture can have an impact on learning outcomes. Moreover, it suggested that it is important to improve the quality of lecture to develop students' competencies and deepen their learnings.