2025 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 509-526
An online survey among parents with elementary and middle school children was conducted to analyze the relationship between children's participation attitude in online classes at home, their impact on their families and their personal characteristics. Five factors related to the children's characteristics were identified: “independence/autonomy”, “group orientation”, “maladjustment”, “mood stability”, and “tension or sensitivity”, affecting more than their grade level. Children were classified into six groups through cluster analysis based on factor scores and analyzed. The results showed that self-autonomous and cooperative children can engage in online classes on their own. However, introverted or more sensitive children may require adjustments to facilitate their participation. Children with rather high autonomy but less amendable to discipline may prefer and be better suited to online than face-to-face classes. Children who struggle with self-autonomy, cooperativeness, and adjustment to discipline put a strain on the family as they need assistance to learn online.
