Abstract
Microplastic (MP) has recently emerged as a significant food safety concern, extending beyond environmental pollution
to potential human exposure through the food chain. This review outlines the current status and scientific challenges of MP
contamination, particularly in the context of food-related pathways. MP is synthetic polymer particles typically less than 5 mm in
diameter, exhibiting complex behaviors influenced by their size, surface properties, and chemical composition. Analytical methods
for MP detection in complex matrices have advanced rapidly, yet limitations remain in sensitivity and standardization. MP has been
detected in various food sources, including agricultural foods, seafood, beverages, and processed foods, with additional risks from
secondary contamination via packaging materials. Current exposure assessments remain uncertain due to the methodological gaps
and the variability in particle size and composition. Moreover, international regulatory frameworks are still evolving, primarily
targeting primary MP, while comprehensive policies addressing foodborne exposure are lacking. This review emphasizes the need for
standardized detection protocols, improved risk assessment methodologies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure food safety
in the age of plastic pollution.
