ワルシャワの歴史地理学的研究
都心部の成立について
1972 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 103-118
詳細
1972 年 24 巻 1 号 p. 103-118
After the war damage, Warsaw was already rebuilt and transfigured considerably. Nevertheless the present midtown area, of this city was formed nearly again within the Third Enceinte (the so-called Wary Lubomirskiego), which was built in 1770, and surrounded the former city. Respecting such a historical background, the main subject of this article aims at examining the role of the construction of the Third Enceinte and reorganization of the city in the Age of Stanishaw August (1764-94)
For this purpose the very conditions of the location of the city are reffered to in the first part. Then attention is focused on the construction of the Second Enceinte (the so-called Wax Zygmuntowski), which was accomplished under the leadership of King Zygmunt III in 1621-24. Next, the process of the establishment of jurisdictions outside of this Second Enceinte with the approval of the king for the citizens under the oppression of the rising feudal lords is analyzed, and the development of iuvisdictions from the middle of seventeenth century is examined concretely by regional groups. In this part we point out the characteristic situation of the city just before the Age of Stanishaw August, where regality and the citizenry were weakening under the increasing jurisdictions of feudal lords and churches.
From the apove-mentioned preliminary considerations we come to realize not only the motives of the construction of the Third Enceinte and the liquidation of jurisdictions under the leadership of the king with the rising power of citizen, but also the dynamic process of formation of the present midtown area. This article estimates highly the role of the Age of Stanishaw August and his initiative in this matter and brings forth the following assertions to understand some aspects on the formation of the present midtown area of Warsaw geographically:
1. The location of Warsaw is worthy of evaluation in traffic, with regard to defense in these parts, throughout the course of history.
2. Three time constructions of enceintes until the end of eighteenth century were not only for defense, but also for the unification of separate areas in this city.
3. Jurisdictions prevented at first the unification of the whole city against the inclination of initiators, but just after the liquidation, these promoted the rapid and dynamic unification and development of Warsaw.
