大和国乙木荘の歴史地理学的研究

抄録

One of the most remarkable rural landscapes in south-western Japan is the paddy field which strips are divided by Jori system in ancient times under the Ritsuryo regime. We can observe the trace of its system everywhere in the alluvial plains of these regions. So many manors in Kinki district established from Heian to Kamakura era (late 8th century-early 14th century), Kinai-Type manors, are influenced by this Jori system: Otogi-no-sho and others which belong to the Ichijo-in or Daijo-in branch of Kofuku-ji Temple and the Todai-ji Temple in Nara Basin (Sho means manor).
In the case of Otogi-no-sho, we can find historical materials of some archives and a manor plan: so called Otogi-no-sho Jori Tsubotsuke-zu (Zu means plan). The result that the writer reconstituted this manor, he found out the facts as follows:
1) In the middle of Kamakura era (the late 13th century) the medieval manor Otogi-no-sho was composed of nineteen myoshu's (Myoshu means the villager who hold paddy fields in the manor). Judging from the location of tsukuda's (Tsukuda means the demesne and the most fertile paddy field in this manor), the writer can classify them into three groups:
(a) The group which composed from ten myoshu's: each have tsukuda's in Tsukuda-tsubo (the most fertile paddy field in this manor). They are Azukaridokoro, Gesu-myo, Shoji, Goheizo, Zen'en, Zengaku, Zensho, Zokyo, Ryofutsu and Naramaru.
(b) The group which composed from seven myoshu's: each have tsukuda's in Juikka-tsubo (better paddy field in this manor). They are Gotoji, Goheita, Sakan, Shiro, Zosho, Tonai and Heitaro.
(c) The group which composed from two myoshu's: each have tsukuda's except in Tsukudatsubo and Juikka-tsubo. They are Kaishin and Togoro.
2) In regard to their arable land, probably paddy field (myoden's, jishiden's, kujiden's, etc.), the writer could distinguish them after three conditions: form of strip, location of cultivated land, and condition of irrigation.
The myoshu's who hold the arable lands under relatively disadvantageous conditions are included not so much in (a) group as in (b) and (c) groups, because (a) group had the best paddy field in this manor earlier than the rest.
3) We can understand that this medieval manor was organized through three steps at least.The facts found in this paper (so-called manorialization) have relation to the historical process in the formation of compact village in Otogi-no-sho.