ソウル市の市域拡大と人口密度分布

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of primacy and the expansion of urban area in Seoul city. In addition to these, this study aims to bring out the spatial distribution of urban population density in Seoul city by using Clark's and Newling's models and also trend surface analysis. The main results are summarized as follows:
1. Seoul city had emerged as a primate city since 15th century when it became the residential area of elite during Lee dynasty. Further, a few historico-economic factors have greatly increased the primacy of this city in the present century. The main factors are
1) The colonial policy of Japan during annexation period.
2) The immigration and migration after Japanese withdrawal and Korean war respectively and
3) The rapid economic development during recent years.
2. The structure of Seoul city, with reference to the extent and pattern of built up area, and the historical and economic structure within it, shows Dickinson's zonal arrangement theory (Fig. 3). The zone may be sub-deviled as follows:
1) Central zone: The zone before the expansion that is, 1910 and the part of adjacent zone.Population density is 10, 000persons/km²-20, 000persons/km² in this zone.
2) Middle zone: The zone between 1936 and 1962. Population density is around 10, 000persons/km² to 60, 000persons/km² in middle zone.
3) Outer zone: The zone after 1963. This zone shows a population density of 5, 000persons/km²-10, 000persons/km².
3. Clark's linear exponential model and Newling's quadratic exponential model illustrating the density profile of whole urban area and four sectorial components are shown in table 3 and Figures 6 and 8. Each parameter shows that the city has spread out further towards the North-East and South-West than towards the South-East and North-West. It is because each sector is different from its profile which is due to the time of formation in the built-up areas, the density of residence and residential quality, transportation accessibility and the pattern of land use. The distribution of residuals from the Clark's model indicates the negative value in the city center and in the areas containing non-residentials such as mountainous terrain, military areas, old palace and schools. On the other hand, the densely populated residential area nearby the city center shows the active value (Fig. 7).
4. The spatial quadratic trend surface forms nearly the hyperbolar indicating the saddle point of the city center. The isopleth of the trend surface shows the decline of population density with distance from the city hall to the South and North and the increase to the East and West (Fig. 9). It may be regarded that the profile of the density crater is transformed into hyperbolar because of the mountainous terrain in the North and military areas in the South.
5. Berry pointed out that non-western cities continued increases in D0 (overcrowding) and relative constance of b (urban expansion without suburbanization) in the western sense, but his assumption does not fit in the case of Seoul city. The result of each components, residual maps and the trend surface illustrates well the density crater of the city center. Moreover, improved transportation systems and a great demand for peripheral lower density-areas stimulated the urban sprawl as are shown in the case of the western cities.