マオリ族の居住樣式

文化圏の成立契機への一試論

抄録

To bring the culture area into existence, we first need the cultural exchange in the area, but it is not enough for the existence of culture area. There must be also the uniformity of production systems, because the production system is the basic factor to form culture. Culture, however, is influenced by other cultural or natural conditions, too, so the culture area will not be brought into existence by only the cultural exchange and the uniformity of production systems. And still, as these two factors are indispensable, such cultural element as reflects the above two upon itself be the most suitable indicater to certify the existence of culture area. We can, therefore, think of the dwelling type as one of such indicaters.
(1) Beween the North Island, and the South Island up to north of Banks Peninsula, the dwelling type is same; each house is square, and has a veranda with a projecting roof and bothside wall in front of the house. Though the settlements which consist of these houses, include ordinary, ones called Kainga and the forts called Pa, the plan is prevailed through this area. These facts that the dwelling type did not grow independently in the area, but was formed by the cultnral exchange.
(2) When we see Grabstokbau was being carried on there. this area is distinguished from the southern part where people get their living by collecting or hunting. The production power by Grabstockbau is shown in the dwelling type above mentioned, too.
Thus Northcrn New Zealand and north of Banks Peninsula are regarded as one cultural area.