漁村における家屋の機能変化とその要因
丹後・伊根浦の舟屋集落を例にして
1990 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 168-181
詳細
1990 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 168-181
The regional character of different places can berecognized through living styles and their changes in rural houses. In this study, the author examined functional changes and their factors in rural houses according to the changes in fishing, taking rural houses in fishery villages which have been neglected as an example. As a case study, the author took up funaya settlements in Ineura, in which many kinds of functions are mixed.
It was in the Taisho Era that the living functions of funaya which had functions for fishing, such as dry-docking a boat, keeping fishery tools, drying fishing nets and so on, began to come into existence. And it was after World War II that these living functions remarkably expanded.
The forms of funaya have greatly changed from a simple two-storied house to a regular two-storied house, because the living space has expanded to the upper stories of funaya since the war ended.
The following factors can be given as the reasons for which funaya are equipped with living functions:
1. the economic factor: prosperity of fishing in 1950, 1951 and in 1970∼1975.
2. the physical factor: linear villages which have little space for housing land.
3. a social factor: the rise of nuclear families.
Non-fishing families which have a large main house don't need funaya so few of these funaya are equipped with living functions. Furthermore, since about 1965, funaya have had a surplus of living space, so some houses are often found to be changed into minshuku (guest houses).
At the present time, the place for dry-docking a boat on the first floor of funaya is classifiied into 4 types: A, B, C and D (see Fig. 8). The main reason is that fiberglass-reinforced-plastic (F.R.P.) boats were introduced in 1969 and the weaving industry spread in 1961.
A type: This type doesn't show changes of form. Despite being equipped with dry-docking functions, these are hardly used.
B type: Though this type shows changes in form, it still preserves its function for dry-docking boats.
C type: This is the type in which formal change is the same as the functional one when the function for dry-docking boats disappeared because of the introduction of F.R.P. boats.
D type: This is the type in which the function for dry-docking of boats has disappeared and the forms have changed a great deal, owing to protection of weaving machines and commercial goods.
