Rhabdomyosarcoma is histopathologically classified into fetal, alveolus nest, and pleomorphic types. Reportedly, the incidence is high in children, but rhabdomyosarcoma is relatively rare in the elderly. Treatment methods for this soft tissue tumor were investigated by the International Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, and therapeutic results have been improved, but outcomes remain poor. We encountered and treated an elderly patient with pleomorphic type rhabdomyosarcoma. We report the case, with a literature review. The patient was a 77-year-old man who presented with swelling of the left cheek. Diffuse swelling of the left cheek and an ulcer of the buccal mucosa were observed, and the patient was given a histopathological diagnosis of polymorphismtype rhabdomyosarcoma. Surgical treatment was performed without chemotherapy or radiotherapy in consideration of his past medical history. The clinical course has been favorable, with no recurrence or metastasis for 6 years 10 months since surgery. However, continued strict follow-up is considered necessary because there is no standard treatment for pleomorphic type rhabdomyosarcoma, and outcomes are generally poor.
