運動実践において独自に現れる「まなざし」：ジンメルの相互作用論の考察から

抄録

The purpose of this study was to clarify the originality of “regard” in movement practice and to show the possibility of its development based on Georg Simmel's idea of “interaction” (Wechselwirkung). For this purpose, the study consisted of four parts: 1) an investigation of how “regard” has been grasped in physical education (P.E.) and related fields; 2) consideration of Simmel's analysis of “regard” (Blick) in “interaction”; 3) addressing the relationship between Simmel's idea of “regard” and “regard” in movement practice in terms of concrete situations; 4) consideration of the originality of “regard” in movement practice and the possibility of its development.
“Regard” has been grasped as follows: 1) necessity for disclosure of one's own existence; 2) relationship between both active and passive acts; 3) capability of body, i.e. body schema as its basis; 4) the goal and way of appreciating the mind of others, and movement in P.E. and movement learning.
Simmel considers “regard” as the only and absolute “interaction” between “I” and “the other”. “Looking” (Sehen) is its fundamental function consisting of three elements: “cutting out” (Herausshneiden), “giving meanings” (Sinn-Geben) and “act of consistency” (Einheitlichkeit). Based on this argument, “regard” is limited by practice, and therefore one looks at “the other” in terms of this limited “regard”.
“Regard” in movement practice is characterized as follows: 1) capability of body; 2) recognition of the other's movement and the basis of reaction to it; 3) development of practical capability by change of “regard”.
Therefore, the originality of “regard” in movement practice is based on capability of body and limited by practice. It is this “regard” that recognizes one's own movement practice and that of others, and substantializes the “interaction” between “I” and “the other”. This is why it is important to experience concrete “interaction” in movement practice for the development of “regard”.