抄録
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms is a global public health problem and is a particular concern for hospitals. Multidrug-resistant bacteria contribute to increased morbidity, patient length of stay, and, ultimately, mortality rates. Accumulating data on antimicrobial consumption and resistance from a variety of institutions are increasingly recognized because the association between antimicrobial consumption and resistance is now regarded as a useful indicator of the selection pressure exerted by antimicrobials in the hospital setting. Therefore, the first national surveillance study of antimicrobial consumption was performed in Japan through pharmacists belonging to the Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists.
This review summarizes the evaluation of interventions in a single facility, and that of the relationship between antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Japanese hospitals, to explore the benchmark of infection control. Our results demonstrate that the total consumption of antimicrobials in Japan might be lower than that in other countries, and that the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance is associated with advanced-treatment hospitals, piperacillin/tazobactam, quinolones, and/or total consumption. Our results potentially play a useful role in the next generation of studies in the field of infection because we show the measurement of the total effect of exposure at the time.
