Abstract
This study examined psychological preparation for athletic activities. Based on self reports, a 96-item inventory (PPIS) was constructed in a preliminary study. In Study 1, factor analysis of PPIS responses by 199 undergraduate athletes revealed five factors: enthusiasm, self possession, physical conditioning, rule focus, and high spirits. With the results, the inventory was shortened to a 24-item version (BPPIS) for easier administration. In Study 2, another sample of 224 athletes showed that BPPIS had a four-factor structure because high spirits items loaded on the enthusiasm factor; in addition, competitive athletes responded significantly higher than less competitive ones to the three factors other than rule focus. In Study 3, BPPIS scores of 125 undergraduate athletes, 74 of less rigorous sports clubs, and 102 without sports club experience, were compared. Responses of athletes and non-athletes differed significantly on all the factors. It was argued that better psychological preparation was necessary for higher athletic performance.
