犯罪行動の特質 (<特集>II 犯罪と社会病理)

抄録

This report is one of the attempts to organize a working hypothesis on the knowledge of the criminal behavior. The crime phenomenon is the socio-cultural phenomenon. The conception of crime is rather relative. There are differences in the concept of crime depending upon the time and the customs of the given community and society. All of Eenders are persons. There are no differences between a criminal behavior and a normal person's behavior from biological points of view. The criminal behavior is an unlawful act and violates the customs of the normal life. There are two factors in the control of criminal behaviors. The first are the directive factors which enfeeble self-control. The second are the indirective factors which enfeeble social control. The former factors are induced by the inherited and acquired physiological handicaps and physical diseases, etc. The latter factors consist of the pathological societies, defects in the economic orders, community disorganization, changing customs and group conflicts, inadequate educational activities, etc. Causes of crime are very complicated. The criminal behavior results from the interactions between the particular constituted personality and the particular environment. Causes of crime are within the scope of the individual consciousness. In other words, it is the matter of his self-control when he behaves. It is not until the judge labels his act as a crime that he becomes an offender. The judgement of the court decides whether he becomes an offender or not.