抄録
The decarbonization of the residential building stock requires the integrated use of photovoltaic (PV) systems, improved energy efficiency of buildings and appliances, fuel switching in thermal services, and electric vehicles (EVs), which will significantly change the quantitative and temporal characteristics of urban and regional energy demand. In this study, we used a synthetic modeling framework that integrates population, activity, and building stock to quantify the impacts of these technologies on 245 municipalities in the Kinki region. The results showed that these technologies significantly change the energy demand of municipalities, and that the changes varies greatly from municipality to municipality. If the average PV capacity per detached house is 3.0 kW, the net zero energy condition is not achieved in terms of primary energy consumption. Therefore, to achieve this condition, it is necessary to increase capacity in detached houses, install PV systems in multi-family buildings, and implement other demand reduction measures. The demand flexibility provided by charging and discharging EV batteries is enormous, enabling the avoidance of peak demand in the evening and mitigating the impact of increased PV generation during the day. This could play an important role in power supply and demand management.
