Study of Sprint Techniques According to the Sprinting Ability of High School Male Student
by Comparison of Sprinting Forms at Maximum Speed Phase
2016 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 1-14
Details
2016 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 1-14
This study aims to reveal necessary sprint techniques based on the abilities observed in male high school students. The participants were 232 boys. The experiment involved the participants performing a 50 m sprint.
Their sprinting motions were recorded approximately 35 m from the start line with a high-speed video camera using the side view angle. The participants were extracted according to their sprinting velocity by following criteria: the Excellent group (35 students, M + 1SD), Normal group (27 students, M ± 0.25SD), and Poor group (27 students, M−1SD). For evaluating the sprinting motion, joint and segment angles were obtained from the video. These were ankle joint angle, knee joint angle, shank segment angle, thigh segment angle, and body trunk segment angle. The three groups were compared through an analysis of variance to explain the significant differences between them. We identified the techniques each group needed to learn for good sprint ability based on these differences.
The results were as follows:
1) The sprint techniques that the Normal and Poor groups both needed to acquire were swinging the free leg forward with a flexed knee just after takeoff and pulling the thigh of the free leg up.
2) Specific sprint techniques that the Normal group needed to acquire were keeping the knee of the support leg less flexed during the support phase and not leaning the body trunk forward excessively at prophase in support phase.
3) Specific sprint techniques that the Poor group needed to acquire were bringing the shank perpendicular to the ground and landing forefoot.
