Abstract
The flesh explants of apple (Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica Schneid. cv. McIntosh Red) were incubated on white′s basic medium containing 2, 4-D and kinetin. The effects of culture conditions on anthocyanin formation of derived callus tissues were investigated.
1. When incubated in the dark, callus tissues were white and friable. Under lighting conditions, callus tissues were somewhat compact and pigment formation was observed. Lighting treatment of 24h/day enhanced both chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of callus.
2. Remarkable anthocyanin formation was observed, when callus tissues were incubated under a fluorescent lamp after several subcultures in the dark. High concentration of sucrose in the medium was highly effective in anthocyanin formation of the callus.
3. when the carbon source was sufficient, anthocyanin formation was observed at all temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Maximum anthocyanin formation occurred at 15°C.
4. Both auxin and cytokinin promoted anthocyanin formation. Among them, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was most effective at concentrations between 3×10-5M and 3×10-4M, and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) was effective at concentrations between 3×10-7M and 3×10-5M.
