On the Seed Germination and Embryogenesis in the Calanthe sieboldiiDecne., Calanthe elmeri Ames and Calanthe venusta Schltr
1985 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 231-241
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1985 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 231-241
This paper was designed to study seed germination and embryogenesis in Calanthe sieboldii, Calanthe elmeri, and Calanthe venusta. The results may be summarized as follows.
1. The ovaries of C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C. venusta rapidly increased in size and reached their final size about 50 days, 60 days and 50 days, respectively after pollination.
2. The seeds and embryos of C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C. venusta rapidly increased in size, and reached their final size 80 days, 60 days and 80 days, respectively after pollination.
3. Ovule formation occurred 43 to 45 days after pollination in C. sieboldii, 35 to 37 days after in C. elmeri and 30 to 31 days after in C. venusta.
Double fertilization occurred 48 to 50 days after pollination in C. sieboldii, 40 to 41 days after in C. elmeri and 34 to 35 days after in C. venusta.
The mature embryo sac was observed to contain 5 to 6 nuclei regardless of species.
4. Proembryos of C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C. venusta at the tetrad stage were all classified as A2 type, according to Veyret′s classification. Similarly, embryos of C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C. venusta at and after the tetrad stage seemed to belong to the E type (Liparis pulverlenta type).
The mature embryo was observed to be derived from the apical cells of the proembryo in C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C. venusta.
5. Three to five endosperm nuclei were observed in the embryo sac after fertilization in C. sieboldii, C. elmeri and C.venusta.
6. The seeds of C. sieboldii were able to germinate after the quadrant stage (70 days after pollination), those of C. elmeri before the tetrad stage (45 days after pollination) and those of C. venusta after the quadrant stage (55 days after pollination).
The highest percentage of seed germination was obtained when the seeds were harvested at about the mature embryo stage, and Hyponex medium was better than Murashige and Skoog medium or Knudson C medium.
