Abstract
In this study, the authors focus on whether test items should be disclosed or not ( referred to as “test item disclosure” ). It is because “test item disclosure” has a great influence on designing appropriate tests. Furthermore, there are diverse value judgments to consider when deciding on “test item disclosure”. The purpose of this paper is to clarify a structure of value judgments in “test item disclosure”. First, the authors clarify factors related to “test item disclosure” in the case of Japanese national examinations. Next, the structure of value judgments is presumed using a pattern classification of these factors. As a result, the following factors were found: (1) the timing of the lowest pass-fail score announcement (before or after the examination), and (2) the examination fee. Then, the structure of value judgments in “test item disclosure” in the case of Japanese national examinations was presumed using the aforementioned factors.
