In this paper roughness of machined surface is examined with increasing wear of cutting tool. With proceeding of cutting, the surface roughness is increased in the following two manners, that is, increase in height of feed mark of the surface, and then increase in irregularity of feed marks. The former is attributed to the variation of tool shape by flank wear, and the latter to increase of vibration during cutting. Then it is found that increase of the surface roughness shows good correlation with progression of flank wear. Ceramic tools are ascertained to cut better surface than carbide tools, owing to less flank wear.