青年期初期のスポーツの自律的な動機づけに関わる養育者と仲間の相互影響性

抄録

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the effects of parent and peer motivational climate on sport autonomy motivation in early adolescent athletes. We hypothesized that parents’ performance-oriented motivational climate would negatively affect player autonomy, but peers’ mastery-oriented motivational climate would moderate negative effects on player autonomy. Participants were 74 soccer players (66 male, 8 female) who completed the study at two time points separated by one year, with a mean age of 11.04 years (SD=0.71 years) at the first time point. At Time 1, a self-report questionnaire measured soccer competence (The Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale; BNSSS) as a control variable and parent-initiated motivational climate (Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire 2; PIMCQ-2) and peer motivational climate (Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire; PeerMCYSQ) as explanatory variables. At Time 2, the level of motivational autonomy (revised Sport Motivation Scale; SMS-II) was measured as an objective variable. After calculating correlations to confirm the relationships between the variables, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted, including an interaction term between parent and peer motivational climate. Results indicated that an anxiety-promoting parental motivational climate predicted low player autonomy under different peer motivational climates and did not support the hypothesis that a masteryoriented peer motivational climate moderate negative parental influences. We discussed the importance of a mastery-oriented parental motivational climate in supporting player autonomy motivation during the developmental transition from childhood to adolescence.