Abstract
Modern sport has advanced competitive sport through the development of science technology. It is, on the other hand, a history of the instrumentalisation of sport as a culture, and in particular of the material culture such as equipment and tools in that system, which leads to physical risks for the humans who operate them.
The relationship between sport and science technology has moved from a pre-modern ideologycentered era dominated by an anti-scientific ideology that separates science technology to a modern material culture-centered era dominated by a science technology that seeks to unite science and technology. However, the development of sport technology has created risks, such as the physical modification of athletes and the destruction of the sporting environment. These risks can be considered phenomena based on reflective modernization as proposed by U. Beck, and A. Giddens, and others. Sport technology in modern sport faces similar challenges to those of this risk society.
One way to solve this challenge is to discuss the logic of ‘physical freedom’, which pursues how to liberate the body from the risks, and the ‘human critical point’ based on this logic. This paper focuses on the Declaration on Sport in Japan by the Japan Sport Association (JSPO) and the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC). The declaration refines physicality by accepting natural environmental problems as a risk to our own body through physical experience of sports. Also, it, as a medium, seeks a human critical point through well-being reconciliation and compromise between nature and civilization. Further, when we consider the relationship between technology and sport from the perspective of ‘Sacred – Secular – Play’, the enjoyment of sport in the ‘Play’ can be reinterpreted through exposure to the ‘Sacred’, with the possibility of controlling risks of advanced technology that functions in the ‘Secular.’
Thus, if the scientific ideology created by polarization of separation and unification between science and technology can be a fundamental research topic on the relationship between sport and risk, such research will be significant in terms of its application when discussing social phenomenon involving sport and risk from various perspectives in sociology of sport
