Abstract
Although occupational exposure to lead has declined dramatically since the establishment of better occupational hygiene and the improvement of standards, chronic exposure at a low level has remained a public health problem in many societies. Because many adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported at ‘acceptable’ blood lead levels (≤5μg/dl), occupational health policymakers should improve the industrial standard of lead exposure for female workers of reproductive age. To achieve this goal, there is a need to carry out more studies on pregnant female workers in lead-related industries to find a safe level for them. In addition, blood lead screening programs for female workers should be considered on regular bases during reproductive age.
