2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 227-234
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The growing body of evidences has demonstrated that even minor renal dysfunction and/or albuminuria are associated with increased risks for cardiovascular events, and therefore the concept ‘cardio-renal syndrome’ is well recognized. Recently, over 300,000 Japanese patients had maintenance dialysis therapy. The diabetic kidney disease, IgA nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and hypertension are major factors driving the progression of CKD to ESKD. The last decade has seen an evolution and ongoing refinement of a disease-oriented approach to CKD that offered an advantage of aligning patient’s comorbidities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evolution of disease-oriented approach for CKD and the underlying mechanisms for cardio-renal syndrome, focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of individual disease.
