A Study on the Salt Injury to Crops. (The first report)

Abstract

The salt injury is generally classified into the following two sorts; one injury to crops takes place when the crops are cultured in the soil containing salt and another injury to crops is due to the salt which will be carried in the air with varius forms. The former has been taken into consideration in case of marine reclaimed field and tide injury by high tide accompanying to typhoon, etc., and the latter, has been caused by salt wind or salt rain. It is the object of this paper to report some experiments and observations on the effect of the solution containing salt and the imaginary salt wind or rain upon the development of the crops.
1. Germination test of aquatic rice in salt solution: Germination capacity and energy decreases with increasing concentration of Nacl solution. This fact is caused by which the speed of water absorption of seed is get slow by semipermeability of seed menbrane.
2. Influence to the development of young plant in the salt solution: It has been known in this experiment that the development of rice plant is checked with increasing concentration of Nacl solution, but the growth of rice plant was accelerated in solution with very low concentration of NaCl solution (0.3gr/L NaCl).
3. Type of the varletal resistance of aquatic rice to the salt injury: In this experiment was cultured rice plant with the solutions containing various quantity of marine water and food solution. As the result of this experiment was classificated rice variety by difference of resistance to salt solution in fore types as figure. 4.
4. Injury of salt wind or salt rain to crops: A problem which as injury by salt wind or salt rain to crops was known, has yet remained untouched. It has been suggested by some that the injury by salt wind might be caused by wind or salt itself or both. In this experiment was used variety of aquatic rice “Senichi” and spraied to the rice plant marine water as imaginary salt wind or rain. At the time of the first treatment the rice had just growing stage and second treatment was applied when the plants were blooming date and third treatment were made at ripening stage. Brown and dead spots in leaves were a common sympton of these injury. Author found the salt injury to rice plant to increase in the following order, (1) ripening stage (2) growing stage and (3) blooming stage. In many cases, shaded leaves appeared to be injuried less by artificial marine water than comparably sprayed leaves in sunlight. Salt injuries to crops generally were correlated with a spray number of times and sunlight. Salt wind or salt rain have two main effects on leaves: (1) They plug stomata, intercellular spaces, and tracheae: and (2) the toxic parts of salts poison protoplasm and sometimes with physical action of wind.