Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II
Online ISSN : 2186-9057
Print ISSN : 0026-1165
ISSN-L : 0026-1165
Why the first Snow customerly occurs earlier than does the first Frost in some definite Places?
Siro OHTI
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1925 Volume 3 Issue 4 Pages 83-95

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Abstract

In the neighbourhood of Japan there are three stations at which the date of the first snow is earlier than that of the first frost in nearly each year. These are Chefoo, Minatuki and Aikawa. At Sisakazima the date of the first snow is a little earlier than that of the first frost in the average but not always in individual cases. On finding this peculiar fact, the author first noticed that all these stations are situated on island or sea side and facing toward north or northwest. Hence winter northwesterly monsoon blows from over the sea at these stations. On the authors opinion it is very likely that the nocturnal cooling in early winter nights at these stations can not be sufficient to cause frost owing to the heat supply from the sea water. Meanwhile the outbreak of cold continental air will occur. The wind will come fast sweeping over the sea, absorbing moisture to some extent and on encountering the first land, it will precipitate moisture in form of snow. This reasoning seems rather proper but there is still difficulty that there are many stations under nearly the same condition as those three but without earlier snowfall. The author then found that at these three stations the northwesterly monsoon is especially intense. The formation of night frost, which is favoured by the calm transparent air, must be hindered by the monsoon at these stations. The isochronals for the first frost and snow and the curve for equal interval between the first frost and snow is charted in fig. 2, 3 and 4. (Japanese page 93, 94.) The wind velocities at various stations are tabulated in Japanese pages.

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