Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model in the Macaca fuscata Using a Novel Intravascular Technique

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Objective: The preparation of transient ischemic stroke models in monkeys has been highly invasive, and consistent preparation of an infarct area has been difficult. We attempted the preparation of a model by applying a neuroendovascular technique for humans.Methods: Using the Macaca fuscate, a 5 Fr sheath was placed in the right femoral artery under general anesthesia, a 5 Fr catheter was placed in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) via a bovine arch, a 4 Fr catheter was concentrically placed distally to the bifurcation of the posterior communicating artery (Pcom A), and a balloon catheter conventionally used for the prevention of distal embolism was guided to the origin of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery in a triple co-axial manner. Under antithrombotic treatment by heparinization, balloon occlusion was performed for 2 h, and neurological and histological evaluations were carried out 48 h after reperfusion.Results: Left hemiplegia was observed after the procedure, and ischemic changes were histopathologically confirmed around the head of the caudate nucleus located in the border zone of the territory of the occluded vessel.Conclusion: Less invasive and highly consistent transient ischemic stroke models may be prepared by an endovascular approach.