冒険キャンプにおけるふりかえり活動が参加者の学習効果に及ぼす影響

抄録

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of preplanned activities for effective processing, such as framing, debriefing, and transferring, on participant's depth of reflection and personal development. The subjects were 14 college students who participated in a six-day adventure camp. The treatment group (n=7) was incorporated with three activities for effective processing to encourage participant's reflection. The control group (n=7) took part in other activities when the treatment group did activities for processing. In order to measure the depth of reflection, the Camp Experience Reflection Scale (CERS) was developed by the researchers. This inventory was administered after each of the three activities for processing. Participant's Personal Development was measured using the Evaluation Scale of Nature-experience Programs (ESNP) developed by Tanii&Fujiwara (2001) and the Self-Enhancement Scale (SES) developed by Kajita (1980). ESNP and SES were administered three times, before, after and two-months after the six-day adventure camp. The result showed that total CERS scores of the treatment group were higher than control group. The factors, The Other Recognition, Respect and Commons of the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group after the 2-day adventure hiking. Additionally, the sub-scales of The Other Recognition, Observation and Applying of treatment group were significantly higher than the control group in the final activity for processing. The treatment group's Leadership score of the ESNP significantly increased two-months after the camp in comparison with before the camp. The results suggested that activities for effective processing after a stressful expedition and at the end of a program promoted understanding about the meaning of the experience for participants, although it is not essential for a positive outcome of the program. For further study, it was recommended that the influence of spontaneous reflection be examined to evaluate causality between reflection and outcome.