There have recently been many discussions on what is and should be an industrial physician. A majority of them, however, have a gap of knowledge which will be obtaind by an actual investigation. The author surveyd 351 enterprises of various sizes and categories of business in Osaka Prefecture in 1964 to look into the activity and situation of industrial physicians or of so-calld 2physician health supervisors". The survey revealed that there was a serious shortage of industrial physicians even in large scale corporations, that the activity of so-calld "physician health supervisors" was generally sluggish, and that this tendency was particularly imminent among the enterprises of small to middle size i.e. those with employees up to 500.