理想的人間像と動的イスラーム

アリー・シャリーアティーの視点から

抄録

This paper examines the concept of “Alid Shi’ism” promoted by ʿAlī Sharīʿatī (1933–77) through analyizing his portrayal of Abū Dharr, one of the companions of the Prophet. Sharīʿatī, commonly regarded as “the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution,” has been deemed one of the great intellectuals of the Middle East. Studies about him have been conducted since 1979, mainly with the object of understanding the causes of the revolution and the background of Iran’s regime. However, most of these studies only look at his influence on the revolution based on a particular set of his works, emphasizing his reinterpretation of the Shiite doctrine to change Iranian society. Consequently, they failed to focus on “Alid Shi’ism,” which is Sharīʿatī’s original conceptualization of Shi’ism. Abū Dharr has great significance in Shiite theology because of his support for ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. Sharīʿatī, throughout his works, lectures, and theatrical performances, presented Abū Dharr as the ideal per- son. According to Sharīʿatī, Abū Dharr did not separate faith from practice. He followed Muḥammad, supported ʿAlī, denied the existence of social classes, always moved people’s hearts, and thus tried to reform society. This portrayal embodies the “Alid Shi’ism” formulated by Sharīʿatī. In Sharīʿatīt’s view, “Alid Shi’ism” contrasts with “Safavid Shi’ism.” While “Safavid Shi’ism” is establishment Islam, “Alid Shi’ism” is “dynamic Islam,” in which social classes do not exist, and all individuals responsibly make a conscious effort toward the achievement of their faith, ideals, and aims. Moreover, this “dynamic Islam” is synonymous with “Muḥammad’s Islam.” In Sharīʿatī’s discourse, the idea of “Alid Shi’ism” represents the vivid embodiment of the universal Islamic faith before the separation of Shi’ism and Sunnism.