Abstract
When Khaybar was conquered by Muhammad, the Jews of Fadak also submitted to him and concluded an agreement to hand over half the produce. Unlike the case of Khaybar, Fadak was not acquired by force of the muslims, so Muhammad owned its produce and used at his discretion. But, in the absence of reliable sources, Prophet's historical conducts remain guesses. Baladhuri and Waqidi deal with this treaty in their works, in which the Jews of Fadak gave up half of their lands. But this opinion must be held from the theory of sulh afterwards.
On the death of the Prophet, Fatima asked Abu Bakr about her share in her father's inheritance claiming that Fadak was one of the sadaqat presented by the Prophet. Subsequently, Fadak became an object of the dispute among the schools of law or between Sunnis and Shi'ites. 'Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun, who took pro-shi'ite policy, judged this problem and returned the land of Fadak to the 'Alids.
Sunni and shi'ite hadith show the different view in regard to the sadaqa, the inheritance of the Prophet. In the shi'ite view, Fatima has become inheritor of the Prophet, and the use of his sadaqa is permissible for the family of the Prophet. But the Sunnis concluded that the Prophet didn't leave inheritance, and what he left became sadaqa as the public interest of the muslims, rejecting the use of sadaqa by the family of the Prophet.
