セレウコス朝及びアルシャク朝支配下のバビロニアにおける知事職

抄録

The aim of the present paper is to clarify the position and function of the official called the “Governor of Akkad (Babylonia)” (LB: ^lúmu-ma-'i-ir/^lúGAL. UKKIN ^kurURI^ki, with variants) in the Seleucid and Aršakid Empires in the period from 305/4 to 61/0 B. C., the end of the period covered in the Astronomical Diaries, the main source of my research.
Under Seleucid rule (305/4-141/0 B. C.), at least until the mid-third century B. C., the Governor was probably in charge of the financial administration of Babylonia. Although the commander of the military forces in Babylonia was the “General (of Akkad), ” the transportation of munitions was also under the control of the Governor. The “(Royal) Appointees (in Akkad)” (LB: ^lúpaq-du^me [^š] šá LUGAL/^lúpaq-du^meš šá ina ^kurURI^ki) probably had the role of assisting the Governor in his work.
Under Aršakid rule (141/0-61/0 B. C.), it is notable that the Governor frequently visited the “King's encampment” (madakti šarri) (probably his residence during progresses to Babylonia), while neither the General (of Akkad) nor the “General who is above the Four Generals” did so. (The latter official was the Governor General of Upper Satrapies under Seleucid rule, but under Aršakid rule the territory controlled by him was probably limited to Babylonia.) At least until the 120's, the loyalty of Greco-Macedonian cities and of generals/vassal kings was in question. Therefore, at least during this time, the King probably tried to build a close relation to the Governor and/or appointed his trusted subordinates to that office in order to keep these elements under control.